Resumo O presente estudo visou realizar o inventário das samambaias e licófitas da Reserva Ecológica de Gurjaú (Pernambuco, Brasil) avaliando a riqueza, composição, distribuição geográfica e raridade das espécies. Foi realizado a partir do exame das coleções dos principais herbários do Estado e levantamento florístico com trabalho de campo. A distribuição geográfica das espécies no globo e em território brasileiro foi baseada em dados da literatura e foram consideradas como espécies raras aquelas com apenas um ou dois pontos de coleta na Floresta Atlântica Nordestina. Foram registradas duas espécies pertencentes ao grupo das licófitas e 75 espécies pertencentes ao grupo das samambaias, das quais 10% são raras, no contexto da Floresta Atlântica Nordestina. As famílias mais representativas foram Pteridaceae (21 espécies), Thelypteridaceae (8 spp.) e Polypodiaceae (8 spp.). Os gêneros com maior número de espécies foram Adiantum (14 spp.) e Thelypteris (7 spp.). A maioria das espécies é amplamente distribuída nos trópicos e também em território brasileiro.
We conducted a floristic survey of ferns within the Murici Ecological Station (remnant of the northeastern Atlantic Forest), located near the municipalities of Messias and Murici, in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. To increase knowledge of the ferns of Alagoas, we evaluated the species occurring in the study area in terms of richness, composition, geographic distribution, similarities with species in other Brazilian biomes, regional conservation status and ecological aspects. Data were obtained from field work conducted between March 2009 and September 2010. We identified 107 species of ferns, of which 19 represent new records for Alagoas. The richest families were Pteridaceae (29 species) and Polypodiaceae (22 species). The richest genera were Adiantum (15 species) and Thelypteris (9 species). Most of the species sampled are widely distributed throughout Brazil and the Americas. Within the context of the northeastern Atlantic Forest, 12 species were considered endangered. Concerning the ecological aspects, 88.8% of the species identified were herbaceous, 57.9% were terrestrial and 70.0% occurred in the forest interior.
ResumoA deficiência hídrica em ambientes sazonalmente secos, como as Florestas Semideciduais, parece ser o principal fator que determina a seleção de espécies com mecanismos adaptativos a esse tipo de estresse, influenciando o estabelecimento, a periodicidade de crescimento, a dormência e a fenologia das plantas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a fenologia de três espécies de samambaias em fragmento de Floresta Atlântica Semidecídua no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Foram realizadas excursões mensais, durante 12 meses, para monitoramento de populações das três espécies. A partir da estação chuvosa, foram marcados 32 indivíduos de Adiantum petiolatum Desv., 30 de A. deflectens Mart. e 13 de A. pulverulentum L. Os dados fenológicos foram relacionados com os dados climatológicos do período de estudo. As populações apresentaram produção foliar irregular e baixa, em ambos períodos (seco e chuvoso), tendo ocorrido correlação positiva com a umidade relativa do ar e com a pluviosidade em A. deflectens e A. petiolatum. Foi observada uma constância de frondes senescentes nas três populações, variável que se correlacionou de modo inversamente proporcional com a pluviosidade e com a umidade relativa do ar apenas em Adiantum deflectens. A presença de frondes férteis foi contínua nas três populações, entretanto, em Adiantum petiolatum, esta fenofase correlacionou-se positivamente com a temperatura e a umidade relativa do ar. Os resultados indicam a existência de uma influência distinta do clima sobre as três espécies estudadas.Palavras-chave: autoecologia, fertilidade, produção foliar, variáveis climáticas, samambaias, senescência foliar. AbstractWater deficit in seasonally dry environments, such as semi deciduous forests, appears to be the main determinant of the selection of species with mechanisms that allow adaptive responses to this type of stress. Thus the availability of water influences the establishment of plants in an area and their growth and dormancy periods. The present study aimed to identify dry-and rainy-season survival strategies developed by three species of ferns occurring in a semi deciduous forest located at Aliança (Pernambuco, Brazil). Field observations were carried out to monitor the development of populations of the three species. Thirty-two individuals of Adiantum petiolatum Desv., 30 of A. deflectens Mart. and 13 of A. pulverulentum L. were studied. The phenological data were correlated to climatological data of the study period. The populations showed low and irregular frond production, occurring in both dry and rainy seasons, exhibiting positive correlation with relative humidity and rainfall to A. deflectens e A. petiolatum. Constancy in production of senescent fronds
. Professor Moraes R ê go, Recife, PE, Brasil. Th e phenology of the herbaceous fern Didymochlaena truncatula in a Brazilian submontane tropical rainforest is described. A total of 23 individuals were observed over 18 months (May 2012 to October 2013. Th e number of live leaves, leaf production, leaf mortality, leaf growth, and fertility were recorded monthly and correlated with local rainfall and temperature. Th e D . truncatula plants remained evergreen with a monthly mean of 6.49 Ϯ 0.75 leaves that were produced almost continuously at a rate of 6.13 Ϯ 1.46 leaves plant Ϫ1 year Ϫ1 . Th is rate was higher than the leaf mortality rate, which was 4.61 Ϯ 1.27 leaves plant Ϫ1 year Ϫ1 . Monthly leaf growth of the population was correlated with rainfall. Leaf expansion was fastest in the fi rst month after emergence (1.31 Ϯ 1.03 cm day Ϫ1 ). Fertility and leaf production intensity were not correlated with climate factors or seasonal variations. However, leaf mortality was negatively correlated with rainfall, causing variations in the number of leaves throughout the year. Th ese results show that the phenological rhythms of D . truncatula were not equally infl uenced by climate variations. Th e phenology of D . truncatula corresponds to the phenology of a small number of aseasonal tropical ferns.Phenology is the study of the periodicity of biological processes and their relationships with abiotic and biotic factors (Lieth 1974). Phenology is important because it refl ects how the environment aff ects the growth, development, and reproduction of plants. In addition, phenology is important for understanding the ecological interactions of plants and the effi ciency of applied management and conservation practices (Johnson-Groh and Lee 2002). Despite their importance, phenological studies are scarce for certain plant groups, such as ferns, which are important constituents of tropical rainforest understories (Sharpe andMehltreter 2010, Sharpe et al. 2010). According to Wagner and G ó mez (1983), abiotic factors may be the main determinants of phenological patterns in ferns, partially because of their independence from pollinators and dispersers.Climate seasonality is likely the most important factor that infl uences plant phenological patterns (Arroyo et al. 1981). Generally, ferns display seasonal phenological patterns in temperate (Odland 1995) and tropical habitats, particularly in regions with a well-defi ned dry season Palacios-Rios 2003, Mehltreter 2006). For example, diff erent isolated or combined factors cause these patterns, including water availability. Additionally, temperature and photoperiod variations may determine the seasonality of ferns. Intrinsic characteristics of the species may also aff ect their biological rhythms (Mehltreter 2008) and cause seasonal responses.In tropical regions, the complexity of habitats (and climate regimes) and the diversity of ferns can enable a better understanding of plant interactions through new phenological studies. Such studies can provide information on diff erent phe...
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