In this work, the potential of the modified SBA-15 surface was examined as a sorbent to load the drug from an aqueous solution; this was done using a post-synthesis function procedure. Several means were used to identify the material characterization before and after functionalization, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BET surface area, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). To obtain the effect of different variables on the efficacy of chloramphenicol drug load, batch adsorption experiments have been performed in a single adsorption system. These variables were the dosage of NH2-SBA-15 (10–120) mg, contact time (0–72 h) and initial concentration (10–120 mg/L). The results of these experiments showed the significant and active effect of the functional amino group in increasing the drug's load capacity. The results of these experiments showed that the functional amino group had a significant and active effect in increasing the drug's capacity. Also, the loading capacity is inversely proportional to the initial concentration, but directly proportional to the NH2-SBA-15 dose and contact time. The best results at 1 hour for the release were 41%. It was found that the load efficiency of chloramphenicol was 51%.

SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that was isolated and identified for the first time in Wuhan, China in 2019. Nowadays, it is a worldwide danger and the WHO named it a pandemic. In this investigation, a functionalization post-synthesis method was used to assess the ability of an adapted SBA-15 surface as a sorbent to load the drug from an aqueous medium. Different characterization approaches were used to determine the characterization of the substance before and after functionalization such as Xray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen adsorption-desorption porosimetry (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) BET surface area analysis, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Batch adsorption testing was carried out in a single adsorption device to find the impact of multiple variables on the drug amoxicillin charge output. The following parameters were studied: 0-72 hr. contact time, 20-120 mg/l initial concentration, and 20-250 mg of NH 2 -SBA-15 dose. The outcomes from such experiments revealed the strong influence and behavior of the amino-functional group to increase the drug's load. Drug delivery outcomes studies found that amoxicillin loading was directly related to NH 2 -SBA-15 contact time and dose, but indirectly related to primary concentration. It was observed that 80% of amoxicillin was loaded while the best release test results were 1 hour and 51%.

The scarcity of freshwater resources in many regions of the world has contributed to the emergence of various technologies for treating and recovering wastewater for reuse in industry, agriculture, and households. Deep wastewater treatment from oils and petroleum products is one of the difficult tasks that must be solved. Among the known technologies, UF membranes have found wide industrial application with high efficiency in removing various pollutants from wastewater. It is shown that the search for and development of highly efficient, durable, and resistant to oil pollution UF membranes for the treatment of oily wastewater is an urgent research task. The key parameters to improve the performance of UF membranes are by enhancing wettability (hydrophilicity) and the antifouling behavior of membranes. In this review, we highlight the using of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes primarily to treat oily wastewater. Various methods of polymer alterations of the UF membrane were studied to improve hydrophilicity, the ability of antifouling the membrane, and oil rejection, including polymer blending, membrane surface modification, and the mixed membrane matrix. The influence of the type and composition of the hydrophilic additives of nanoparticles (e.g., Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), graphene oxide (GO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and titanium dioxide (TiO2), etc.) was investigated. The review further provides an insight into the removal efficiency percent.

In this work, a flat-sheet blend membrane was fabricated by a traditional phase inversion method, using the polymer blends poly phenyl sulfone (PPSU) and polyether sulfone (PES) for the ultrafiltration (UF) application. It was hypothesized that adding PES to the PPSU polymer blend would improve the properties of the PPSU membrane. The effect of the PES concentration on the blend membrane properties was investigated extensively. The characteristics of PPSU-PES blend membranes were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle measure, and contaminant (dye) elimination efficiency. This study showed that PES clearly affected the structural formation of the blended membranes. A considerable increase in the average roughness (about 93%) was observed with the addition of 4% PES, with a higher mean pore size accompanied by a rise in the pores' density on the surface of the membrane. The addition of up to 4% PES had a significant influence on the hydrophilic character of the PPSU-PES membrane, by lowering the value of the contact angle (CA) (i.e., to 56.9 • ). The performance of the PPSU-PES composite membranes' UF performance was systematically investigated, and the membrane pure water permeability (PWP) was enhanced by 25% with the addition of 4% PES. The best separation removal factor achieved in the current investigation for dye (Drupel Black NT) was 96.62% for a PPSU-PES (16:4 wt./wt.%) membrane with a 50% feed dye concentration.Membranes 2020, 10, 47 2 of 17 the removal of a variety of dye molecules from industrial effluents. Hence, a number of investigations have reported using UF and nanofiltration technologies in textile manufacturing industries [4].Alventosa-deLara et al.[5] studied the influence of trans-membrane pressure (TMP) and cross-flow velocity (CFV) on the ultrafiltration (UF) ceramic membrane performance for various concentrations of dye (50-500 ppm). They concluded that the permeate flux increases with a higher TMP and CFV as well as with a low concentration of feed, up to a maximum flux of 0.267 m 3 /(m 2 h). Moreover, the efficiency of the UF treatment was estimated by the dye rejection coefficient. Alventosa-deLara et al. [5] reported considerable dye rejection, regardless of the examined conditions, with steady-state rejection higher than 79.9% for 50 ppm and approximately 73.2% for 500 ppm. Moideen et al.[6] prepared a polysulfone-poly phenyl sulfone (PSF-PPSU blend UF membrane for Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ heavy metal removal, and the blend membrane displayed improved performance and hydrophilicity as well as an antifouling feature, as compared with the pristine PSF polymer membrane. Contaminant (e.g., heavy metals) rejection was completed by complexing the metal ions with polyaziridine, which has displayed a good rejection of 99.5% and 95.5% of Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ , respectively. Since 2012, poly phenyl sulfone (PPSU) emerged as an excellent polymer material for membrane fabrication due to its advantageous characteristics, especially for NF application [...

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