Background: The rate of cesarean section (CS) births has been rapidly increasing in Saudi Arabia during the last two decades. Using the Robson Ten Group Classification System (TGCS) to classify and analyze the causes of the high CS rate. Objective: To assess the increasing rates of CS by the implementation of the Robson TGCS on all CS births in our chosen population. Study design: An observational, cross-sectional study conducted among all deliveries at the King Abdul-Aziz Medical City (KAMC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia during most of 2018. Over the study period, 3168 births were enrolled in the study. Results: The analysis of 3168 births, where 870 women gave birth through CS, resulted in a CS rate of 27.5%. The three major TGCS which contributed to the CS rate were group 5, 2 (divided into 2A and 2B), and 3. Class 5 (Previous CS, single cephalic, ≥37 weeks) contributed the most to the CS rate by 36.5%. Followed by Class 2 (divided into 2A; nulliparous, singleton, cephalic, ≥37 weeks, induced labor and 2B; nulliparous, singleton, ≥37, pre-labor CS) which contributed by 12.9%. Class 3 (multiparous (no previous CS), singleton, ≥37 weeks, spontaneous labor) was the third-highest contributing group by 9.2%. Women who gave birth spontaneously and vaginally were 1403 (44.3%) where women whose labor was induced were 1286 (40.6%). Conclusion: The CS rate in KAMC was 27.5%. After classifying these patients according to the TGCS, Class 5 had the largest percentage of patients going for CS (36.2%). While they are individually low together, Robson classes from Class 1 to 4 (which are considered as low-risk classes) were responsible for 37.8% of the patients going for CS. Since the previously mentioned groups are considered low-risk they should be targeted by health institutions to reduce the CS rate. Improved education of nulliparous and multiparous women who never underwent a CS to prevent nonmedically indicated CS is in order, to preclude repeated CS births in the future and further increase the CS rate.

The rate of sexually transmitted diseases is increasing globally. Thus, this study aimed to examine the Al akami female community’s knowledge about the nature of sexually transmitted diseases and their associated factors. The STDs-Knowledge Questionnaire (STDs-KQ) was utilized to collect data from the female community (355) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The data were analyzed using JMP Statistics for Windows, version 15. The significance level was set at 0.05. The study reported that participants had a relatively low understanding of STDs in acquisition, protection, prevention, and clinical signs and symptoms; only 33 (9%) had high knowledge scores (10–18), while 70% thought one virus caused all forms of STDs. Also, only 15% of the respondents knew the clinical features of the Chlamydia infection, and 18% identified the correct mode of its transmission. Also, older participants with clinical exposure had a higher knowledge score than young and single females, p < 0.05. A positive correlation between age and knowledge score was reported, r (354) = 0.339, p < 0.0001. The low knowledge scores were associated with marital status, age, and clinical exposure. Practical strategies to minimize literacy toward sexual education and increase the quality of sexual life must be promoted by educators and the academic curriculum

IntroductionLifestyle-related factors including dietary intake can significantly increase the chances of developing migraine. Some components of food items are thought to induce the release of vasoactive substances leading to the dilation of blood vessels, which in turn results in migraine episodes. This research aimed to assess the prevalence of migraine and examine the relation of the headache to the dietary patterns of female students and employees of King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS) -Jeddah experiencing migraine attacks as well as to assess the relationship between the migraine attacks and the available dietary items served at the food outlets within the campus. MethodsTwo questionnaires were developed for this study. The first questionnaire was a short survey asking about the characteristics of headaches. This survey aimed to estimate the prevalence of migraine among female students and employees in KSAU-HS. Of the participants who filled the first questionnaire, those who met the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICDH-III) criteria for migraine were given a second questionnaire to further understand the characteristics of their migraine headaches and to assess lifestyle and diet-related aggravating factors. ResultsThe final sample size for the calculated prevalence was 410; 352 were students and 58 were faculty members. It has been found that 165 (40.24%) participants of the KSAU-HS female population met the criteria for migraine. Two (2.2%) reported an association between chocolate consumption and headaches and seven (7.8%) reported a significant association between caffeine and headaches. No specific association was perceived by the respondents between migraine attacks and the following food items: citrus fruits, pickles, cheese, and dairy products. ConclusionOur study revealed that the widespread trends for excessive consumption of coffee and caffeinated beverages at food outlets within the educational institution are occult triggers for headache attacks in a significant portion of students with migraine. The recent shift in dietary habits in our community for excessive consumption of coffee and other tyramine-rich food items has negative consequences on productivity and the economy. Our results can be conceivably extrapolated to reflect the effect of dietary habits on other streams of society, including companies, firms, schools, and workplaces that are driven by the new dietary trends.