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ResumoResumo Resumo Resumo Resumo Foram avaliados 84 pacientes leishmanióticos com o objetivo de verificar a prevalência de infecção bacteriana secundária das úlceras cutâneas e de estudar sua relação com a cicatrização das lesões. A infecção secundária foi diagnosticada mediante cultura bacteriana aeróbica de amostra de tecido da lesão. Todos os pacientes receberam tratamento antimonial durante 20 dias e fizeram lavagem da úlcera com água e sabão comum. A casuística foi composta principalmente de adolescentes e de adultos dedicados à lavoura, apresentando lesão única. Em 47,6%, as úlceras estudadas estavam localizadas nas pernas e nos pés. Verificouse infecção secundária em 45/83 (54,2%), sendo mais freqüente nas lesões localizadas abaixo dos joelhos. O Staphylococcus aureus predominou (88,9%). A reepitelização completa das úlceras, avaliada em 79 pacientes um mês após o fim do tratamento, não foi influenciada pela infecção secundária. Palavras-chaves: Palavras-chaves: Palavras-chaves: Palavras-chaves: Palavras-chaves: Leishmaniose tegumentar. Infecção. Bactérias. Staphilococcus aureus. AbstractAbstract Abstract Abstract Abstract In order to study the prevalence of secondary bacterial infection in ulcerated lesions and its relationship to the healing process, 84 leishmaniotic patients were evaluated. Diagnosis of the secondary infection was made by bacterial aerobic culture of peripheral tissue specimen of the ulcer. All patients received antimonial therapy during 20 days and washed their ulcers with common soap. Cases were composed mainly of adolescent and adult farmer patients with single lesions. The evaluated ulcers were encountered on legs and feet in 47.6%. Secondary bacterial infection was found in 45/83 (54.2%), and was more frequent in lesions located below the knee. Staphylococcus aureus predominated (89%). The ulcers' healing process, evaluated in 79 patients one month after finishing treatment, was not influenced by the secondary bacterial infection. Ainda é desconhecido o papel da infecção bacteriana secundária na evolução da leishmaniose tegumentar. A persistência de inflamação na leishmaniose experimental (medida pela produção de óxido nítrico e de seus derivados) facilitaria a infecção secundária ou, contrariamente, a infecção secundária participaria na geração da inflamação 6 . Por outro lado, há evidência de que o S. aureus e suas exotoxinas, em combinação com IFN-g, são capazes de ativarem macrófagos e produzirem óxido nítrico com efeito leishmanicida 2 . Entretanto, não é fácil diferenciar entre colonização e infecção bacteriana de úlceras cutâneas, pois a infecção tem sido definida pela presença de bactérias invasoras de tecidos 9 . As culturas bacteriológicas de amostras obtidas mediante swab podem não refletir a infecção dos tecidos mais profundos. A cultura do aspirado com agulha tem sensibilidade baixa, enquanto a de tecido biopsiado oferece melhores resultados 19 . Existem poucos relatos sobre a prevalência de bactérias nas úlceras leishmanióticas. No Irã, 35,7% das lesões em 2.202 pac...

A cross-sectional study was carried out over a period of 12 months to investigate the occurrence of human bocavirus (HBoV) infection in infants hospitalized for respiratory infections in a teaching hospital in Salvador, Brazil, and to describe the clinical manifestations of this infection. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from the children and immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction were performed to investigate the presence of respiratory viruses. HBoV was detected in 4 out of 66 patients. Two of the HBoV-positive infants were co-infected with other viruses. The principal clinical findings in HBoV-positive children were: nasal obstruction, catarrh, cough, fever and dyspnea. This study revealed HBoV infection in children aged <2 months, suggesting that the infection may occur at a very early age.

A lesão cutânea ulcerada, manifestação clínica mais freqüente da leishmaniose tegumentar, geralmente localizada em membros inferiores, permanece ativa durante meses, expondo-se à colonização por microorganismos, componentes ou não da flora normal da pele. As condições de calor, umidade e má higiene, que acontecem freqüentemente em ambiente rural nas regiões tropicais, associadas à proximidade dessas úlceras com o solo, favorecem, sobremodo, a colonização por diversas bactérias 20 .Existem poucos relatos sobre a prevalência de bactérias em úlceras leishmanióticas. ABSTRACTA prospective study regarding aspects of antimicrobial susceptibility aspects was realized among patients with tegumentary leishmaniasis in Corte de Pedra, Bahia. Cases were composed mainly of adolescent and adult farmer patients with single lesions. Staphylococcus aureus predominated (83%) in the culteres with susceptibility to the majority of antibiotics. A mixed bacterial flora in ulcers was encountered in 37 (44,1%) patients. Among the Gram-negative bacteria isolated, Enterobacter sp (13.1%), Proteus sp (8.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.1%) and Klebsiella sp (7.1%) were mainly found with susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, aminoglycosides, third generation cephalosporin and carbapenems.

Dengue is an important emerging viruses, posing a threat to one-third of the global human population. In 2002, the introduction of DENV-3 in the state of Bahia produced massive epidemic (about 35,000 cases detected) and the first cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever. To understand the nature of the virus circulating at Bahia, E/NS1 sequence was determined for 31 DENV viruses isolated in Bahia during the 2006 and 2007 transmission season, from patients presenting with different degrees of severity. The carboxi-terminal region of the E gene (220 nt) of 31 viruses, isolated from dengue patients with clinical diagnosis of dengue infection were used to determine the genetic variability of dengue 2 (DENV-2) and dengue 3 (DENV-3). Sequence data were used in phylogenetic comparisons with global samples of DENV-2 and DENV-3. DENV-2 sample grouped in the South East Indian genotype, while DENV-3 samples were grouped within Indian genotype. This study is the first report on Bahia isolates during two transmission seasons. Our data confirms reports from other parts of Brazil and different countries showing the DENV-3 (genotype III) strains circulating in the Americas are closely related, and cluster within the genotype that has been associated with DHF epidemics in different continents.