Translation is the transfer of the meaning of a text from one language to another. It is a means of sharing information across languages and therefore essential for addressing information inequalities. The work of translation was originally carried out by human translators and its limitations led to the development of machine translators. Machine Translation is a subfield of computational linguistics that investigates the use of computer software to translate text or speech from one natural language to another. There are different approaches to machine translation. This paper reviews the two major approaches (single vs. hybrid) to machine translation and provides critique of existing machine translation systems with their merits and demerits. Several application areas of machine translation and various methods used in evaluating them were also discussed. Our conclusion from the reviewed literatures is that a single approach to machine translation fails to achieve satisfactory performance resulting in lower quality and fluency of the output. On the other hand, a hybrid approach combines the strength of two or more approaches to improve the overall quality and fluency of the translation.
Hypertensive-patient monitoring is a continuous process of observing closely the situation of patient's blood pressure and alerting the appropriate personnel in case of any anomaly. It usually requires the use of non-invasive sensors that are hardwired to bedside monitors. Although, present systems allow continuous monitoring of patient vital signs and limit the patient to the bed, the readings are mostly stored on the system local memory over a period of time before it is assessed for analysis. Hence, the need for a real time hypertensive patients’ monitoring system which can meet up with immediate demands of emergency cases. This paper presents a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)-based health monitoring system that addressed the aforementioned drawbacks for monitoring hypertensive in-patients. The design of the system comprises of hardware components such as blood pressure sensor, Bluetooth serial communication circuit, sensor node for base station interfaces and software components. Performance evaluation of the designed system gave an accuracy of 89.7% in blood pressure monitoring. The system is also cost effective, reliable and user friendly when compared with existing systems. Keywords— Blood Pressure, Health monitoring, Hypertension, Wireless Sensor Networks
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.