Zinc molybdate (ZnMoO 4 ) single crystals were grown for the first time by the Czochralski method and their luminescence was measured under X ray excitation in the temperature range 85-400 K. Properties of ZnMoO 4 crystal as cryogenic low temperature scintillator were checked for the first time. Radioactive contamination of the ZnMoO 4 crystal was estimated as ≤ 0.3 mBq/kg ( 228 Th) and 8 mBq/kg ( 226 Ra). Thanks to the simultaneous measurement of the scintillation light and the phonon signal, the α particles can be discriminated from the γ/β interactions, making this compound extremely promising for the search of neutrinoless Double Beta Decay of 100 Mo. We also report on the ability to discriminate the α-induced background without the light measurement, thanks to a different shape of the thermal signal that characterizes γ/β and α particle interactions.
The radioactive contamination of ZnWO 4 crystal scintillators has been measured deep underground at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS) of the INFN in Italy with a total exposure 3197 kg × h. Monte Carlo simulation, time-amplitude and pulse-shape analyses of the data have been applied to estimate the radioactive contamination of the ZnWO 4 samples. One of the ZnWO 4 crystals has also been tested by ultra-low background γ spectrometry. The radioactive contaminations of the ZnWO 4 samples do not exceed 0.002 -0.8 mBq/kg (depending on the radionuclide), the total α activity is in the range: 0.2 − 2 mBq/kg. Particular radioactivity, β active 65 Zn and α active 180 W, has been detected. The effect of the re-crystallization on the radiopurity of the ZnWO 4 crystal has been studied. The radioactive contamination of samples of the ceramic details of the set-ups used in the crystals growth has been checked by low background γ spectrometry. A project scheme on further improvement of the radiopurity level of the ZnWO 4 crystal scintillators is briefly addressed.
GPa in MgWO 4 . The high-pressure phase has been tentatively assigned to a triclinic structure similar to that of CuWO 4 . We also report and discuss the Raman symmetries, frequencies, and pressure coefficients in the low-and high-pressure phases. In addition, the Raman frequencies for different wolframites are compared and the variation of the mode frequency with the reduced mass across the family is investigated. Finally, the accuracy of theoretical calculations is systematically discussed for MgWO 4 , MnWO 4 , FeWO 4 , CoWO 4 , NiWO 4 , ZnWO 4 , and CdWO 4 .
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