:The seasonal occurrence of insect pests in watermelon cultivated in greenhouses was surveyed in Gochang from 2006 to 2007 considering three seasonal types of culture: forcing culture, semi-forcing culture and retarding culture. Aphis gossypii, mites (Tetranychus urticae+T. kanzawai) and Palpita indica were the most serious pest species in watermelon greenhouse culture. A. gossypii and mites showed high density during the months of June and September in semi-forcing and retarding culture, respectively. Palpita indica was observed only in retarding culture. Leaf damage by Palpita indica was observed from the middle of August and peaked to 79.4% damage in the middle of September. Thrips and whiteflies were captured in high density by the yellow sticky trap in semi-forcing culture and retarding culture but these insects showed low population density in watermelon leaves.
Pelletized livestock manure compost is easy to handle and thus increasingly used as an orgranic amendment. The effectiveness of granular livestock manure compost (GLMC) was investigated at different times, with 5, 15, 25 and 35 days before transplanting rice plots. After two years of administration of GLMC, pH, available P 2 O 5 , exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg decreased and organic matter content increased, compared to the soil before the test. The faster the treatment time of GLMC, the lower the organic matter content. But the T-N was the same in the control, 5 and 15 days before transplanting rice plots. In flooded soil, the N mineralization of GLMC proceeded 2 weeks later than inorganic fertilizers and 1 week later than livestock manure compost. Rice growth and quantity showed similar results in control and 25 days before transplanting rice plot. When GLMC was used, the protein content of white rice was lower than that of control plot, and there was no difference in amylose, whiteness, and palatability. The correlation between the white rice quantity and the treatment time of the GLMC was Y = -0.075X 2 + 3.982X + 492.74 (R 2 = 0.7722), and the treatment time to obtain the highest quantity of white rice was 26.5 days.
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