Osteosarcoma (OS) is the primary malignant bone tumor with a peak incidence in children and adolescents. However, the little molecular mechanism of pathogenesis has been known and it is urgent to develop new therapeutical strategies to improve outcomes for patients. CDDO-NFM (N-formylmorpholine substituent of CDDO) is a newly synthesized triterpenoid, which is a derivative of oleanolic acid. In this study, we explored whether CDDO-NFM possesses a potential antitumor effect and revealed its molecular mechanism. We found that CDDO-NFM efficiently inhibited cell growth of OS cells and this inhibitory effect was independent of apoptosis-related and cell-cycle-related proteins.CDDO-NFM could decrease the level of glucose uptake, the generation of lactate, and the production of adenosine triphosphate to block the process of glycolysis. In vitro and in vivo cell-based assays showed that CDDO-NFM inhibited glycolysis via degradation of c-MYC rather than activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Finally, CDDO-NFM could reduce tumor volume and weight with low toxicity, and down-regulate the expression of glycolysis-related enzymes in nude mice. Taken together, these results showed that CDDO-NFM might be a promising antitumor compound. K E Y W O R D S CDDO-NFM, c-MYC, glycolysis, osteosarcoma J Cell Biochem. 2019;120:9264-9276. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jcb 9264 |
Background: Osteochondral fracture (OCF) is one of the severe complications following a patellar dislocation. The appropriate fixation method for patients with OCF remains controversial. Methods: Eighteen patients who had undergone surgery after a patellar dislocation were recruited retrospectively. Patellar OCF was fixed with an absorbable suture in an unreported method. The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) was repaired or reconstructed if necessary. The Lysholm and Kujala knee scoring systems were used to evaluate the knee function. Imaging examinations were used to confirm the fracture healing. Results: The mean period of follow-up was 36 months. All patients recovered well postoperatively without symptomatic complications. The Lysholm score and the Kujala score improved significantly from 37.6 (SD =6.8) and 45.9 (SD =6.4) preoperatively to 80.9 (SD =7.4) and 89.4 (SD =6.8) postoperatively at the latest followup, respectively. Imaging evidence including X-ray and MRI revealed good healing of the OCFs. Conclusions: This study showed satisfactory mid-term outcomes of OCF fixation using absorbable suture, which supports this method's potential to be a novel surgical method in the treatment of patellar OCF caused by a patellar dislocation.
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