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Background:Millions of people in the world have diabetes mellitus and its prevalence is growing. Oxidative stress, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) play key role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. New and safe strategies of remedy are needed for this disease.Objectives:We hypothesized that resveratrol may exert a renal protective effect on diabetic rats.Materials and Methods:Male rats with diabetes were treated with or without resveratrol as 1, 5, 10 mg/kg of body weight for 30 days. The total AGEs and malondialdehyde levels in kidney tissues were determined by spectrofluorimetric method and the insulin level was assayed using ELISA. The total antioxidant capacity contents in kidney and the glucose in plasma were measured by a colorimetric assay. The expression of RAGE was assayed in kidneys of all animals using quantitative PCR.Results:In resveratrol-treated rats with diabetes, malondialdehyde levels, plasma glucose and expression of RAGE were significantly reduced compared with the untreated group. Moreover, the total antioxidant and insulin levels significantly increased in treated rats. There was no significant difference in the AGEs contents among all the groups.Conclusions:These results revealed that resveratrol has beneficial effects on kidney by extenuating the oxidative stress and down-regulation of RAGE expression.

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There is no denying that the massive spread of COVID-19 around the world has worried everyone. The virus can cause mild to severe symptoms in various organs, especially the lungs. The virus affects oxidative stress in the cells. Reactive Oxygen Species modulator 1 (ROMO1) is one of the most important mitochondrial proteins that plays a critical regulatory role in the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). According to the studies, COVID-19 can promote oxidative stress through some important pathways, for instance, TNF-α and NF-κB routes. Furthermore, ROMO1 is closely related to these pathways and its dysfunction may affect these routes, then promote oxidative stress, and ultimately cause tissue damage, especially in the lungs. Another factor to consider is that the TNF-α and NF-κB pathways are associated with ROMO1, COVID-19, and oxidative stress. To summarize, it is hypothesized that COVID-19 may increase oxidative stress by affecting ROMO1. Understanding the exact molecular mechanisms of ROMO1 in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 can pave the way to find better therapeutic strategies.

The incidence of diabetes mellitus is rapidly increasing in the world. One of the complications of diabetes includes disturbance of the reproductive tract, such as infertility, erectile dysfunction, and endocrine disruption. Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical produced by most cells including the human male and female reproductive tracts. NO has a dual role where low concentrations are essential for homeostatic cellular biology and physiology, but high levels have detrimental effects relating to cellular damage from this reactive oxygen species (ROS). 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is an oxidized nucleoside of DNA that is currently used as a biomarker of cellular oxidative stress, where urinary levels can correlate with diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between nitrate/nitrite levels and 8-OHdG levels in the semen of diabetic and non-diabetic men. Concentrations of nitrate/nitrite and 8-OHdG were examined in seminal plasma of 32 diabetic and 35 non-diabetic men. The level of nitrate/nitrite was assayed by colorimetric reaction and 8-OHdG was measured by ELISA. Our results showed that the seminal plasma nitrate/nitrite levels were significantly higher in the diabetic group (p < 0. 01). There were also significantly higher 8-OHdG levels in diabetic men compared to non-diabetic men (p < 0.05). Regression analysis indicated that in diabetic men, nitrate/nitrite levels correlated well with 8-OHdG levels (r = 0.64, p < 0.001). A significant trend between nitrate/nitrite and sperm parameters was not observed. Our data suggests that high levels of nitrate/nitrite in the semen of diabetic men is suggestive of reactive oxygen species induced DNA damage that is correlated with 8-OHdG levels but not sperm parameters. These results support the further investigation of NO and 8-OHdG as biomarkers for assessing male infertility.