A 55‐year‐old female patient presented with generalized tonic–clonic seizures. Laboratory evaluation revealed low calcium (4.9 mg/dl), low PTH (0.9 pg/ml), and positive activating CaSR antibodies. The condition was diagnosed as autoimmune hypoparathyroidism. Calcium and vitamin D supplements did not correct the patient's hypocalcemia. The addition of prednisone to vitamin supplements showed a better response and corrected the hypocalcemia. The patient remained in seizure‐free for one year.
Background: COVID-19 vaccines are found to be effective interventions to tackle COVID-19. However, the hesitancy towards its acceptance has been rising in Pakistan. This study highlights the opinion of the general population in Pakistan regarding the acceptance and hesitancy of COVID-19 vaccination.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey study was conducted among Pakistanis from December 2021 to January 2022. Adult respondents that have and have not received COVID-19 vaccinations were included in this study. Data collection was obtained through questionnaires that assessed acceptance and hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccines. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS software version 25 for Windows.Results: We obtained 367 respondents with 333 respondents completing the questionnaire. There were 259 respondents who have been vaccinated. A total of 67.9% of responses agreed that vaccines could control the COVID-19 pandemic. The reasons for not getting vaccination were afraid of adverse effects (48.6%) and COVID-19 vaccines not being tested thoroughly (30.9%). The main reason for vaccine acceptance was awareness about vaccines (23.1%), a belief that vaccines can stop severe COVID-19 disease (16.8%), and self-protection (14.7%).Conclusion: Most Pakistanis agreed that vaccines could manage the pandemic. Vaccine acceptance was contributed by the awareness and belief regarding the protective effects of vaccines while vaccine hesitancy was due to the public's doubt about the vaccines' side effects and testing. The Pakistan government should focus on emphasizing knowledge about vaccines, educating the vaccines' adverse effects, and utilizing social media in doing so.
Objective: To assess the quality and compare different brands of bottled drinking water with WHO standards.
Methods: This is a cross sectional descriptive study conducted in Peshawar, Pakistan in 2022. 14 brands of bottled water was selected randomly and two samples of each brand were analyzed for physiochemical parameters in the laboratory of Khyber medical college.
Results: In our results the physiochemical parameters such as colour, odor, taste, turbidity, chloride, nitrate, total solids, calcium and sulphate of all samples were found within the of WHO standards.
Conclusion: Our study concluded that the bottled drinking water of different brands available in Peshawar city is physiochemically fit for consumption as all the parameter tested were within the permissible limits of WHO.
Key words: Bottled water, Drinking water, WHO water quality standards, Physiochemical parameters
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