BackgroundPerioperative transfusion can reduce the survival rate in colorectal cancer patients. The effects of transfusion on the short- and long-term prognoses are becoming intriguing.ObjectiveThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to define the effects of perioperative transfusion on the short- and long-term prognoses of colorectal cancer surgery.ResultsThirty-six clinical observational studies, with a total of 174,036 patients, were included. Perioperative transfusion decreased overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio (HR), 0.33; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.24 to 0.41; P < 0.0001) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) (HR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.47; P < 0.0001), but had no effect on disease-free survival (DFS) (HR, 0.17; 95% CI, − 0.12 to 0.47; P = 0.248). Transfusion could increase postoperative infectious complications (RR, 1.89, 95% CI, 1.56 to 2.28; P < 0.0001), pulmonary complications (RR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.54 to 2.63; P < 0.0001), cardiac complications (RR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.75 to 2.76; P < 0.0001), anastomotic complications (RR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.29 to 1.79; P < 0.0001), reoperation(RR, 2.88; 95% CI, 2.05 to 4.05; P < 0.0001), and general complications (RR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.66 to 2.07; P < 0.0001).ConclusionPerioperative transfusion causes a dramatically negative effect on long-term prognosis and increases short-term complications after colorectal cancer surgery.

Background Intra‐operative hypotension might induce poor postoperative outcomes in non‐cardiac surgery, and the relationship between the level or duration of Intra‐operative hypotension (IOH) and postoperative adverse events is still unclear. In this study, we performed a meta‐analysis to determine how IOH could affect acute kidney injury (AKI), myocardial injury and mortality in non‐cardiac surgery. Methods We searched PubMed (Medline), Embase, Springer, The Cochrane Library, Ovid and Google Scholar, and retrieved the related clinical trials on intra‐operative hypotension and prognosis in non‐cardiac surgery. Results Fifteen observational studies were included. The meta‐analysis showed that in non‐cardiac surgery, intra‐operative hypotension (mean arterial pressure [MAP]) <60 mm Hg for more than 1 minute was associated with an increased risk of postoperative acute kidney injury(AKI) [1‐5 minutes: odds ratio (OR) = 1.13, 95% CI (1.04, 1.23), I2 = 0, P = .003; 5‐10 minutes: OR = 1.18, 95% CI (1.07, 1.31), I2 = 0, P = .001; >10 minutes: OR = 1.35, 95% CI (1.1, 1.67), I2 = 52.6%, P = .004] and myocardial injury [1‐5 minutes: OR = 1.16, 95% CI (1.01, 1.33), I2 = 30.6%, P = .04; 5‐10 minutes: OR = 1.34, 95% CI (1.01, 1.77), I2 = 70.4%, P = .046; >10 minutes: OR = 1.43, 95% CI (1.18, 1.72), I2 = 39.4%, P < .0001]. Intra‐operative hypotension (MAP < 60 mm Hg) for 1‐5 minutes was not associated with postoperative 30‐day mortality [OR = 1.15, 95% CI (0.95, 1.4), I2 = 0, P = .154], but intra‐operative hypotension (MAP < 60 mm Hg) for more than 5 min was associated with an increased risk of postoperative 30‐day mortality [OR = 1.11, 95% CI (1.06, 1.17), I2 = 51.9%, P < .0001]. Conclusion Intra‐operative hypotension was associated with an increased risk of postoperative AKI, myocardial injury and 30‐day mortality in non‐cardiac surgery. Intra‐operative MAP < 60 mm Hg more than 1 minute should be avoided.

Background Clinical evidence has proved that enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) can improve short-term clinical outcomes after various types of surgeries, but the long-term benefits have not yet been examined, especially with respect to cancer surgeries. Therefore, a systematic review of the current evidence was conducted. Methods The Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched using the following key words as search terms: “ERAS” or “enhanced recovery” or “fast track”, “oncologic outcome”, “recurrence”, “metastasis”, “long-term outcomes”, “survival”, and “cancer surgery”. The articles were screened using the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the data from the included studies were extracted and analyzed. Results A total of twenty-six articles were included in this review. Eighteen articles compared ERAS and conventional care, of which, 12 studies reported long-term overall survival (OS), and only 4 found the improvement by ERAS. Four studies reported disease-free survival (DFS), and only 1 found the improvement by ERAS. Five studies reported the outcomes of return to intended oncologic treatment after surgery (RIOT), and 4 found improvements in the ERAS group. Seven studies compared high adherence to ERAS with low adherence, of which, 6 reported the long-term OS, and 3 showed improvements by high adherence. One study reported high adherence could reduce the interval from surgery to RIOT. Four studies reported the effect of altering one single item within the ERAS protocol, but the results of 2 studies were controversial regarding the long-term OS between laparoscopic and open surgery, and 1 study showed improvements in OS with restrictive fluid therapy. Conclusions The use of ERAS in cancer surgeries can improve the on-time initiation and completion of adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery, and the high adherence to ERAS can lead to better outcomes than low adherence. Based on the current evidence, it is difficult to determine whether the ERAS protocol is associated with long-term overall survival or cancer-specific survival.