Abstract:A series of quaternary ammonium salts containing ester groups in their alkyl chains were prepared effectively from the one-pot reaction of alkylamine with epichlorohydrin and fatty acid. The reaction of alkylamine, epichlorohydrin and fatty acid was investigated by measuring the acid and amine values of the intermediates. It is considered to be a two step reaction: One is the formation of alkyl chloride containing an ester group from the reaction of fatty acid with epichlorohydrin. The other is the quaternarization of alkylamine with alkyl chloride containing an ester group. It was also found that the formation of alkyl chloride is greatly assisted by alkylamine, which is the raw material for the quaternary ammonium salt. The surface-active properties of prepared quaternary ammonium salts were measured and compared with the conventional quaternary ammonium salts.
Nonionic 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone/methacryloxy silicone copolymers (VP/VS copolymers) were prepared and characterized as functions of molecular weight of silicone and crosslinking density. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 13 C-NMR, and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry study showed that those copolymers were successfully synthesized. Also, the gel-permeation chromatography spectrum exhibited a fairly narrow distribution of the molecular weight of the polymer. It was found that the turbidity in ethanol (EtOH) and the glass-transition temperature of crosslinked VP/VS copolymers are influenced by the amount of crosslinking agent. However, in the case of branched VP/VS copolymers, a transparent solution was obtained, regardless of the molecular weight of silicone. SEM/EDS study revealed that silicone is more abundant on the coating surface than on the interface of coating/glass. This is probably because Si-containing chains have lower surface energy than that of vinylpyrrolidinone-containing chains.
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