A novel design of white light emitting diodes (WLEDs) emerges to meet the growing global demand for resource sustainability while preserving health and environment. To achieve this goal, a facile method is developed for the chemical synthesis of a luminescent silicon nanocrystal (ncSi) with a large Stokes shift between absorption and emission. The WLED is prepared by a simple spin‐coating method, and contains a hybrid‐bilayer of the ncSi and luminescent polymer in its device active region. Interestingly, a well‐controlled ultrathin ncSi layer on the polymer makes possible to recombine electrons and holes in both layers, respectively. Combining red and blue‐green lights, emitted from the ncSi and the polymer layers, respectively, produces the emission of white electroluminescence. Herein, a hybrid‐WLED with a sufficiently low turn‐on voltage (3.5 V), produced by taking advantages of the large Stokes shift inherent in ncSi, is demonstrated.
Objective-A large-scale, prospective, randomized clinical trial has recently revealed that the addition of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to low-dose statin therapy significantly reduces the incidence of major coronary events. Here we investigated in vivo and in vitro effect of EPA on monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and adhesion molecules. Methods and Results-A new en face immunohistochemistry of endothelial surface in combination with confocal microscopy revealed marked reduction of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced monocyte adhesion to the aortic endothelium in parallel with the suppression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-B p65 in EPA-treated mice relative to vehicle-treated groups. In an in vitro adhesion assay system under physiological flow conditions, EPA inhibited LPS-induced monocyte adhesion and endothelial adhesion molecules. We found significant decrease in plasma concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) and sVCAM-1 in patients with the metabolic syndrome after a 3-month administration of highly purified EPA (1.8 g daily). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that EPA administration is the only independent determinant of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1. O besity may be viewed as a state of chronic low-grade inflammation and confers a higher risk of atherosclerotic diseases. 1 There is considerable evidence that obese adipose tissue is markedly infiltrated by macrophages, 2,3 suggesting that they may participate in the inflammatory pathways that are activated in obese adipose tissue. Using an in vitro coculture system composed of adipocytes and macrophages, we have demonstrated that saturated fatty acids released from adipocytes via the macrophage-induced lipolysis serve as a naturally occurring ligand for Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) to induce the inflammatory changes in macrophages through nuclear factor-B (NF-B) activation. 4,5 Notably, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid are unable to activate macrophages and can even antagonize the proinflammatory effect of saturated fatty acids or LPS, 6 a well-defined exogenous ligand for TLR4, 7 thereby highlighting the antiinflammatory effect of n-3 PUFAs. Conclusions-ThisAtherosclerosis is a complex pathological process that is associated with vascular wall dysfunction and inflammation. 8The monocyte-endothelial cell interaction may play a crucial role in atherosclerotic plaque formation. 9 Indeed, the adhesion of circulating monocytes to the intimal endothelial cell monolayer is thought to be one of the earliest events, which is mediated through complex interactions among multiple adhesion molecules and their counterreceptors expressed by both endothelial cells and monocytes, such as selectins, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and 1-and 2-integrins. 10 Several previous reports indicated that the TLR4/NF-B signaling pathway in both endo...
The effect of pulsed laser irradiation on silver particles in aqueous solution was investigated. The particle size decreased and the size distribution became narrower after irradiation for 15 minutes using third harmonics of a pulsed YAG laser. The number of the aggregated particles also decreased after the irradiation.
Order or disorder often exists in a uniform spin system consisting of one kind of magnetic ion. Nevertheless, they rarely coexist in normal conditions. Our thermodynamic and microscopic magnetic studies of Co2(OH)3Cl, a distorted tetrahedral lattice compound with uniform Co2+ spin, demonstrate that the spins located on one corner of the tetrahedron are periodically ordered, but those on the other three are disordered below a ferromagnetic transition at TC=10.5 K. The partial order resembles that of the field-induced "kagomé-ice" state in spin ice pyrochlore compounds. Evidence suggests that a distortion in the tetrahedron is responsible for this partial ferromagnetic order in a zero field.
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