The Bengal Bay clone (ST772) is a community-associated and multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus lineage first isolated from Bangladesh and India in 2004. In this study, we showed that the Bengal Bay clone emerged from a virulent progenitor circulating on the Indian subcontinent. Its subsequent global transmission was associated with travel or family contact in the region. ST772 progressively acquired specific resistance elements at limited cost to its fitness and continues to be exported globally, resulting in small-scale community and health care outbreaks. The Bengal Bay clone therefore combines the virulence potential and epidemiology of community-associated clones with the multidrug resistance of health care-associated S. aureus lineages. This study demonstrates the importance of whole-genome sequencing for the surveillance of highly antibiotic-resistant pathogens, which may emerge in the community setting of regions with poor antibiotic stewardship and rapidly spread into hospitals and communities across the world.

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) with a nodular architecture is rare. Recently, two variants have been described with infiltration of the B-cell follicle, one variant that localizes to the marginal zone with a so-called perifollicular growth pattern, and a variant that localizes to the germinal center. These lymphomas have a CD4+ phenotype and may express Bcl-6. We have studied five similar cases of PTCL with involvement of the B-cell follicle. However, our cases differ from the cases previously described by their predominant and frequently patchy involvement of the expanded mantle zone of the B-cell follicle at onset. Later biopsies in three of the cases show diffuse infiltration of the lymph node, without features of angioimmunoblastic TCL (AILT). All cases expressed Bcl-6 in addition to CD4. Cytogenetics was available in four of the cases but revealed no recurrent chromosomal aberrations or changes associated with other types of PTCL. No mutations of the BCL-6 gene were observed. Together, the cases seem to have an intermediately aggressive clinical behavior. Whether our cases are part of a spectrum of PTCLs that encompasses previously described variants with predominant marginal zone or germinal center infiltration or they represent a separate T-cell lymphoma type remains to be demonstrated by a study of more of such cases.

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Our aim was to examine the genetics of clonal evolution in follicular lymphoma (FL) and to identify genetic alterations associated with disease progression. A total of 100 biopsies from 44 patients diagnosed with t(14;18)-positive FL were examined by array comparative genomic hybridization. In 20 patients the patterns of somatic hypermutations (SHMs) in the variable region of heavy chain gene were additionally analyzed. Gain of chromosome X in male samples was a marker for poor outcome (P < .01). Gains involving chromosome 2, 3q, and 5 were exclusively present in FL biopsies from cases with higher grade transformation and were among the copy number alterations (CNAs) associated with inferior survival.