The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of fermented aloe vera mixed diet on larval growth of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe) (coleopteran: Cetoniidae) and protective effects of extract of larvae of P. brevitarsis seulensis fed fermented aloe vera mixed diet against Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague–Dawley rats. To determine whether different diets can affect the larval growth of P. brevitarsis seulensis, six different diets were investigated in the experiment, and the results exhibited that 15% fermented aloe vera with 85% fermented oakwood sawdust was the best diet for larval growth of this insect, followed by 9% fermented aloe vera with 91% fermented oakwood sawdust. Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats (n= 30) were separated into five groups of six each, as follows: control group; CCl4 group; CCl4 plus larval extract group (without fermented aloe vera); CCl4 plus 9% and 15% larval extract groups (with fermented aloe vera). All extract groups were fed with 30 mg/kg extracts of fermented oakwood sawdust only and fermented oakwood sawdust plus 9% and 15% fermented aloe vera, respectively, once every consecutive day, with administration of CCl4 (1.5 mL/kg, 20% CCl4 in olive oil) twice a week for 3 weeks. Administration of CCl4 increased the serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotranseferase and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels in rats and reduced levels of glutathione in the liver. Treatment with extract of larval‐fed fermented aloe vera mixed diet significantly alleviated these changes to nearly normal levels. The histopathological changes induced by CCl4 were also significantly attenuated by extract of larval‐fed fermented aloe vera mixed diet treatment. The results suggest that the beneficial effect of fermented aloe vera mixed diet on larval growth may be to stimulate the larval life cycle, and 15% larval‐fed fermented aloe vera mixed diet exhibits potent hepatoprotective effects on CCl4‐induced liver injury in rats, likely due to increased glutathione contents and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation.
Fauna of Ulleung‐do and Dokdo, located at the eastern end of Korean territiry, was reported. A total of 170 Orders 153 Families 608 Genera 841 Species was reported in Ulleung‐do, whereas a total of 11 Orders 65 Families 123 Genera 124 Species in Dokdo by Lee (2006, 2009). However these data lack the data of small insect under 1 mm. This study was focused on the small scale insects and will report unrecorded species or new species if found. On this report, new species found on these two islands were presented.
The necessity for low temperature treatment of Emma Cricket Eggs, Teleogryllus emma, to dormancy breaking and the method of increasing hatching rate after low temperature treatment were investigated. Emma Cricket Eggs were treated by constant temperature, room temperature, low temperature, step‐down low temperature. As a result, constant temperature treatment was the lowest on hatching rate. The hatching rates of the rest of other temperature treatments were not different statistically (one‐way ANOVA). In other word, low temperature treatment was not necessary to dormancy breaking. But low temperature treatment was necessary to control individual number of Emma Cricket, Teleogryllus emma, on the mass indoor‐rearing system. And the step‐up temperature treatment was necessary to increase hatching rate after low temperature treatment.
The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of fermented aloe vera mixed diet on larval growth of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe)(coleopteran : Cetoniidae) and protective effects of extract of larvae of P. brevitarsis seulensis fed fermented aloe vera mixed diet against CCl4‐induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague‐Dawley rats. To determine whether different diets can affect the larval growth of P. brevitarsis seulensis, six different diets were investigated in the experiment, and the results exhibited that 15% fermented aloe vera with 85% fermented oakwood sawdust was the best diet for larval growth of this insect and follow as 9% fermented aloe vera with 91% fermented oakwood sawdust. Adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats (n = 30) were separated into five groups of six each, as follows: control group; CCl4 group; CCl4 plus larval extract group (without fermented aloe vera); CCl4 plus 9% and 15% larval extract groups (with fermented aloe vera). All extract groups were fed with 30 mg/kg extracts of fermented Oakwood sawdust only and fermented Oakwood sawdust plus 9 and 15% fermented aloe vera, respectively once every consecutive day, with administration of CCl4 (1.5 ml/kg, 20% CCl4 in olive oil) twice a week for 3 weeks. Administration of CCl4 increased the serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotranseferase and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels in rats and reduced level of glutathione in the liver. Treatment with extract of larval fed fermented aloe vera mixed diet significantly alleviated these changes to nearly normal levels. The histopathological changes induced by CCl4 were also significantly attenuated by extract of larval fed fermented aloe vera mixed diet treatment. The results suggest that beneficial effect of FAV mixed diet on larval growth may be to stimulation of larval life cycle, and extract 15% of larval fed fermented aloe vera mixed diet exhibits potent hepatoprotective effects on CCl4–induced liver injury in rat, likely due to the increase of glutathione contents and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation.
This study was carried out to determine whether different incubation conditions can affect the larval mortality of Protaetia brevitarsis. In addition, it was carried out to obtain information about the oviposition pattern of P. brevitarsis. P. brevitarsis that was used it the study was a new‐born adult. Adults rearing condition was as follows; temperature 25°C∼27°C, long‐day length (16L:8D), and relative humidity 80%. Larvae were reared at 25°C∼27°C temperature and 80% relative humidity. A total of four types of incubation conditions was designed. First type is the 50 eggs arranged at regular intervals on sawdust (E1). Second type is the 50 eggs put together in the center (E2). Third type is the shift out sawdust and put out adults of P. brevitarsis then put a new cage (E3). Last, lured with bait and put out adults, then put in a new cage (Control). Two weeks later, cages were checked for larval mortality. All of the cages were checked once a week. Types of collect egg are 3. First, don't collect eggs, just lured adults with bait (Control). Second, collect eggs (R1). Last, sift out adults using sieve (R3). Control and R3 eggs remained in cage. Just R1 eggs were arranged on sawdust in new cage. In this study, just Control 1. (10 times repeat) was finished. And other experimental sets are being carried out. In Control 1., larval mortality is 87%. Adults laid 2597 eggs, total 2259 larvae metamorphosed to pupae. Oviposition pattern is Control 1. (10 times repeat) adults laid 3909 eggs, Control 2. (5 times repeat) adults laid 2257 eggs, R1 (10 times repeat) adults laid 3367 eggs, R2 (5 times repeat) adults laid 2142 eggs. Control 1. is preliminary experiment. So, after finish that experiment, repeat that one more time. Usually, P. brevitarsis laid eggs for approximately 10 weeks. And between 2 to 4 weeks, they laid most eggs.
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