Background: Autism and attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are neurodevelopmental disorders sharing some developmental deficits and differing in others. The aim of this study was to specify the auditory phenotype in terms of peripheral and central hearing abilities through the use of objective and subjective assessment methods. The goal was to identify alterations in the central and peripheral auditory systems, especially those involving language and cognitive alterations, since hearing impairment can compromise language acquisition and the rehabilitation process.Material and Methods: Exactly 60 subjects were included in this study. They were divided into 30 subjects and 30 controls, and the study group was subdivided into 15 subjects with ADHD and 15 suffering with autism. All cases were given pure tone audiometry, speech tests, and click-evoked ABR and P300 tests.Results: Both study groups showed impaired subcortical encoding of speech, which was highly disrupted in the autistic group. The ADHD group showed delayed offset responses. Both groups had delayed P300 latencies and diminished amplitudes, which were most marked in the autistic group.Conclusions: ADHD and autism involve impaired subcortical encoding of speech and impaired cognition, conditions that are more severe in autistic children.
Background Little is known about the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among the population with disability in Egypt. Furthermore, the increasing prevalence of ASD and the variability of the ASD manifestations and severity highlight the importance of investigating the ASD comorbidities. Aim of work This analysis was to compare the prevalence of autism with that of other disabilities among children visiting the clinic for special needs and to explore possible comorbid disorders in this sample of Egyptian ASD participants. Methods The study included individuals who visited the clinic for special needs in Giza, affiliated to the National Research Centre, for nearly 4 years (2019 to 2022). They were subjected to full clinical evaluation. Autistic children were further subjected to scales for confirming diagnosis and severity evaluation. Results The results revealed that a total of 3555 individuals were referred to the clinic. The percentage of children who were diagnosed as having ASD was 22.5% (N = 803; age: 4.5 ± 2.4 years). The most common associated comorbidities with ASD were language and intellectual deficits (80.25%, 58.7%). Hearing impairment was the least common (0.75%). The scores of the childhood autism rating scale were higher in the groups with the comorbid disorders (p = 0.03 or < 0.0001). Conclusion The prevalence of ASD among children with disability varied from other countries. Comorbid disorders have led to increasing the severity of ASD. We emphasize that accurate and early diagnosis of autism is the key for proper management of cases.
Aims:Cochlear implant (CI) is a widely accepted device to patients with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss to replace the normal hearing pathway. Since a portion of the device is implanted under the skin, possible immune alteration may occur. Our aim was to assess the production of some selected pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with cochlear implants and their impact on hearing outcomes. Material and Methods: Our study was conducted on 25 cochlear implanted patients who were subjected to IL-1β, IL2, IFN-γ and IL6 laboratory assessment preoperatively, postoperatively, 6 months after CI and 2 years after CI. Simultaneously, impedance and neural response telemetry (NRT) were measured and the data were analyzed statistically in relation to the laboratory findings. Results:No statistically significant difference was found between the levels of cytokines at different times of assessment except a significant increase of IL-1β at first fitting postoperatively in comparison to preoperative sample. Also, no statistically significant difference was found as regards values of impedance and NRT except a significant decrease of postoperative measures of NRT in comparison to intraoperative measures without any malfunction. Conclusion:There is a minimal immune alteration immediately after CI without any functional affection which may be attributed to the trauma of the implantation surgery rather than foreign body immune response.
Background: There is a substantial prevalence of psychopathology of anxiety or depression, and several mental problems in many tinnitus groups. Aim of The Work:To use the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) as a valid scale for assessing the overall severity of tinnitus and detailed analysis of multiple severity domains, and correlating it to The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores in order to establish a potential correlation between tinnitus and anxiety and depressive disorders in order to improve tinnitus clinical implications and rehabilitation. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study design was designed to explore the prevalence of psychological disorders among patients with tinnitus and to analyse its multiple severity domains thresholds using both TFI & HADS questionnaires. Results: There was a positive correlation between both anxiety & depression subscales of (HADS) and total TFI scores with its subscales. Conclusion: Despite the limited understanding of psychological concerns in tinnitus patients, the prevalence of anxiety disorders in these populations has increased. The reported co-occurrence might impact the clinical course of tinnitus and its management.
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