This article examines the narrative mobilization of gendered and biogenetic metaphors of translation in two contemporary novels that feature translators as protagonists: El congreso de literatura (1999) by César Aira (Argentina) and Borges e os orangotangos eternos (2000) by Luis Fernando Verissimo (Brazil). Situating my analysis at the intersection of the “fictional turn” of Translation Studies and the rich history of writing on and through translation in Latin America, I analyze an attempt to clone Carlos Fuentes gone awry in the first text and the Oedipal and hermeneutic violence that characterizes the second to argue that, by means of their explicit engagement of the translational trope of textual reproduction, these contemporary writers challenge centrist models of cultural geopolitics and posit ludic, nonhierarchical models of reciprocal influence in their stead.
Lower back pain is one of the most common medical problems in the world [1], affecting between 70% and 85% of the US population at some point during their lives [2]. Disc degeneration is caused by biological changes in the disc, which result in dehydration of the nucleus pulposus (NP). The long term goal of this project is to treat disc degeneration with a tissue engineering strategy for the regeneration of the nucleus pulposus using messechymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue. It has been established in cartilage regeneration studies that cyclic compressive loading of stem cells is beneficial for tissue formation compared to static culture [3–7]. In this work, a bioreactor is being developed that can subject cell-seeded polymeric tissue engineering scaffolds to dynamic compressive forces. Ultimately, the bioreactor will be used to study the effects of different loading parameters on the production of new nucleus pulposus tissue from adipose-derived stem cells.
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