No abstract

Language instruction in Malaysia emphasizes the significance of the English language. This study investigates Malaysians' willingness to communicate (WTC) in English as a second language (ESL). A hypothesized model that integrates WTC in English, communication apprehension and competence, motivation, and language learning communication strategies was tested using structural equation modelling. The results show that Language learning communication strategies directly affect motivation, self-perceived communication competence, and WTC in English. Further, the results also demonstrate that motivation influences the two components of communication confidence and influences WTC indirectly through the two variables self-perceived communication competence and communication apprehension. The final model correlates well with the data, thereby indicating the potential of using Language learning communication strategies with WTC constructs to account for ESL communication.

No abstract

No abstract

Similar to other Southeast Asian countries in the world, Cambodia has established her higher education institutions to develop human capital with high knowledge and professional ethics to serve the country over the period of contemporary history. Clearly, colonization, political ideologies, and global economic development tendencies have directly influenced Cambodian public higher education institutions within her various political regimes and social transformation. The purpose of this study is to examine the Cambodian higher education development in the seven different regimes through historical perspectives from the French colonial period to the present period. This paper uses a predominantly descriptive approach relying on secondary sources such as academic papers, textbooks, government documents, non government organization documents, and development partner reports. Therefore, this research could be significant for researchers, academicians, and policymakers to deepen their understanding about Cambodian higher educational history in order to reform its system to the benefit of education quality and student academic success.