Background: Due to the strong relationship between stress and heart disease, particularly acute myocardial infarction (MI), this study investigated the complexity of coronary artery disease (CAD) among Syrian refugee patients referred to Jordan University Hospital and its relation to war-related stressors. Methods: This is a retrospective study that utilized the SYNTAX I score in order to evaluate all Syrian refugees that underwent coronary artery catheterization at Jordan University Hospital during the period between May of 2014 and December of 2017. Results: There was a significant association between war-related stressors and high SYNTAX score (SX score), thus indicating a higher complexity of CAD in Syrian war survivors with higher stress scores. The strongest war-related correlation was observed with crossing green-lines, in which Syrian refugee patients who had crossed such lines had significantly higher SYNTAX scores. Regression analysis demonstrated that war stressors were positive predictors of increased SYNTAX scores even when adjusted for conventional CAD risk factors. Surprisingly, none of the CAD risk factors were significantly associated with SYNTAX score. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that exposure to multiple war-related stressors may increase the complexity and severity of CAD in Syrian war survivors. Thus, special attention, efforts, and resources should be allocated to screen for such vulnerable patients in order to provide them with the appropriate healthcare.

Statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) are one of the most common side effects of statins. This study aimed to explore the significance of SAMS among statin users by comparing statin users with a control group. To achieve our aims, a propensity score matching the retrospective cohort study was conducted in a single center tertiary hospital. The statin muscle symptoms were assessed using the Proposed Statin Myalgia Index Score, whereas the patient's adherence to medications was evaluated using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8. We included 743 patients in our study; of them, 64.9% were on statin, whereas the rest were controls (35.1%). After propensity score matching, patients on statin had significantly higher rates of SAMS (5.0%) compared with control (1.6%) (AOR = 3.209; 95% CI: 1.020-10.091). However, there was no significant difference between statin users and controls in medications nonadherence (P-value = 0.820). Our analysis among statins users revealed that moderate-intensity (2.671; 95% CI: 1.691-3.310) and high-intensity (3.552; 95% CI: 2.190-4.129) statin therapy was significantly associated with SAMS. In addition, autoimmune diseases were significantly associated with SAMS occurrence (AOR = 32.301; 95% CI: 1.785-584.374). Also, patients on PPIs had significantly less occurrence of SAMS (AOR = 0.145; 95% CI: 0.044-0.483), whereas patients on antiepileptic drugs had significantly higher SAMS occurrence (AOR = 72.337; 95% CI: 2.649-1975.201). Regarding MACE among statin users, there was no significant difference in the 1-year or 5-year MACE rate between statin users and controls. Our study suggests that SAMS are significant among statin users and must be addressed by health care providers to ensure that patients are still adherent to their medications and hence protected against cardiac events.

Background Thyroid disease is a well-established risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, only a handful of studies examined its impact on treatment. This study aims to report the prevalence rate of thyroid disease in patients with AF and to demonstrate the effect of thyroid disease on AF treatment. Materials and methods We retrospectively analyzed the Jordanian Atrial Fibrillation Study (JoFib). Among Jordan and Palestine, patients with AF were evaluated for their sociodemographic, clinical, and pharmacological characteristics. Results A total of 2000 patients with AF (53.3% males, mean age 67.6 ± 13.1 years) were enrolled in the JoFib registry from May 2019 to November 2020. Thyroid disease was present in 210 (10.5%) patients. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia were the most common comorbidities among patients with thyroid history (75.2%, 51.0%, and 45.7%, respectively). Diabetes mellitus ( p = .04), pulmonary hypertension ( p = .01), and chronic kidney disease ( p = .01) were significantly higher in this particular subgroup. Patients with thyroid disease demonstrated significantly higher usage of anticoagulants ( p = .02). Conclusion Despite having similar stroke and bleeding risks, patients with thyroid disease demonstrated meaningful differences in their baseline characteristics. Prospective studies are required to assess the influence of thyroid hormone fluctuations on the progression of AF.

Background:The pathophysiology of coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is under investigated and not well understood. Atherosclerosis is considered as the main etiologic factor for CAE in adults where more than 50% of CAE patients have atherosclerosis. Recently, lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) has emerged as a powerful risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). Serum levels of Lp(a) in patients with CAE have not been investigated. We assumed that Lp(a) may play a role in the pathogenesis of CAE. Principally, our study aims to identify whether Lp(a) is an independent risk factor for CAE. Methods:Our study is a prospective pilot study. Study population was collected prospectively from pool of patients referred for elective cardiac catheterization at Jordan University Hospital (JUH) in the period extending from February 17, 2018 to June 31, 2018. Patients were referred for elective coronary angiography after being interviewed and physically examined by a cardiologist (HA). Patients with known history of CAD or who are already on anti-lipidemic drugs either documented in the medical records or by interviewing patients for history of revascularization were excluded from the study. Results:Regarding the primary outcome, there was no significant difference in Lp(a) concentrations between normal and ectasia groups in the general sample (median: 17.5mg/dL vs. 20.4 mg/dL, P value = 0.38). Conclusions:Our study concludes that there is no detected relationship between elevated Lp(a) levels and developing CAE. CAE was more common in patients with low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level (compared with patients with normal coronaries), higher total cholesterol level (compared with patients with non-obstructive stenosis) and higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).

Background: A recanalizing-process might decrease the incidence of radial artery occlusion (RAO) at a late assessment postcatheterization opposed to an early assessment. In this study, we evaluated the rate of RAO at a late postcatheterization period. Materials & methods: A retrospective case-control design was adapted including 148 patients who underwent trans-radial cardiac catheterization 7 to 18 months ago. The primary outcome was to assess RAO at the mentioned period while the secondary outcomes were to assess risk factors and symptoms associated with occlusion. RAO was assessed by Doppler ultrasound. Result: Thirteen patients (8.8%) had RAO in a median follow-up time of 13 months. Hand disability as measured by QuickDash score was significantly associated with RAO. Conclusion: This study adds a new insight on late RAO after coronary catheterization in Jordan and the region. Our findings support an ischemic mechanism contributing to long-term hand dysfunction.