Aim To investigate the possible therapeutic effects of alpha‐lipoic acid (ALA) in a model of chronic apical periodontitis in rats by analysing biochemical, histopathological and micro‐CT parameters. Methodology The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Near East University. Thirty‐two Wistar rats were divided into four groups of eight rats each: Control Group; ALA Group; AP Group; AP + ALA Group. In the AP and AP + ALA groups, the pulp chambers of the mandibular first molars were surgically exposed and were left open to the oral environment for 4‐weeks to allow the establishment of periapical lesions. The rats in the Control and AP groups were treated intraperitoneally with saline solution (with a daily dose of 100 mg kg−1, for 28 days after periapical lesion induction). The rats in the ALA and AP + ALA groups were treated intraperitoneally with ALA (with a daily dose of 100 mg kg−1, for 28 days after periapical lesion induction). After decapitation, the trunk blood was collected for the assessment of biochemical parameters. The mandibles were surgically removed and dissected for histopathologic analysis and further scanned with micro‐CT. Groups of data were compared with a two‐way analysis of variance (two‐way anova) followed by Sidak's multiple comparison tests. Values of P < 0.05 were regarded as significant. Results TNF‐α, IL‐1β, MMP‐1, MMP‐2 levels were significantly lower in AP + ALA group compared with AP group (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the AP and AP + ALA groups according to assessment of the inflammatory scores (P < 0.05). The periapical inflammatory infiltrates were significantly more severe (P < 0.05) in the AP group. The AP + ALA group exhibited lower values both in terms of surface area and volume of resorption cavities than the AP group and this difference was significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion alpha‐lipoic acid treatment provided therapeutic effects on the inhibition of periapical bone loss.
This study was designed to assess the possible protective effect of alpha‐lipoic acid (ALA) on apical periodontitis (AP)‐induced cardiac injury. Wistar albino rats were randomized into four groups: control; ALA; AP; and ALA + AP. Rats of the control and ALA groups were not endodontically treated, but saline and ALA (100 mg kg−1) were administered. In rats of the AP and ALA + AP groups, the pulp chambers of mandibular first molar teeth were exposed and left open for 30 d to induce AP. Saline and ALA (100 mg kg−1) were administered intraperitoneally every 24 h during the experiment. At the end of the experiment, the rats were killed. Establishment of AP was verified by radiographic and histopathological evaluation. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined using an automated biochemical analyzer, and the structural cardiac injury was assessed pathologically. Serum ALP, LDH, and CK activities were elevated, and SOD activities were decreased, in the AP group. The changed enzyme activities were significantly normalized by treatment with ALA. We conclude that ALA administration alleviated the AP‐induced heart injury and improved cardiac structure and function, and therefore this agent may be of potential therapeutic value in protecting cardiac tissue from systemic injury caused by AP.
Glomus tumors showing nuclear pleomorphism without any other malignant features have been defined as symplastic glomus tumors. This type of glomus tumor is rarely encountered. Another case of symplastic glomus tumor is described in this study. A 37-year-old woman referred to the hospital with the complaint of a palpable tender nodule on the fourth finger tip of her left hand. The lesion had been present for about a year and aggravation of tenderness upon cold exposure was conspicuous. It was a 0.5 cm well circumscribed lesion with round to cuboidal epithelioid cells showing high grade nuclear pleomorphism. nests of cells more uniform in shape and showing punched out nucleus representative of typical glomus tumor could also be observed. Immunohistochemical study showed expression of smooth muscle actin, caldesmon and vimentin. Ki-67 labeling index was undetectable. Investment of tumor cells was shown by type IV collagen. In contrast to its atypical cellular morphology, symplastic glomus tumor clinically behaves benign, and it is important to differentiate it from malignant glomus tumor as well as other primary or metastatic malignant tumors.
Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible therapeutic impacts of two pineal hormones, melatonin and 5-methoxytryptophol (5-MTX), in a rat model of acute pulpitis by analyzing biochemical and histopathological parameters. Methods. This research was done using 32 male and female Wistar albino rats with weight between 200 and 250 g. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: a control group (rats without any treatment), acute pulpitis (AP) group, AP+melatonin group, and AP+5-MTX group. In the AP-induced groups, the crowns of the upper left incisors were removed horizontally. Lipopolysaccharide solution was applied to the exposed pulp tissue before the canal orifices were sealed with a temporary filling material. Melatonin (10 mg/kg) and 5-MTX (5 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally. The rats were sacrificed 24 hours after pulp injury, and trunk blood and pulp samples were collected. The concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, MMP-1, and MMP-2 in sera and pulp samples were determined using ELISA assay kits. Results. TNF-α, IL-1β, MMP-1, and MMP-2 levels in the serum and pulp tissues were considerably higher in the AP group than the control group ( p < 0.01 ‐ 0.001 ). In the AP+melatonin and AP+5-MTX groups, TNF-α, IL-1β, MMP-1, and MMP-2 levels in the serum and pulp tissues were significantly lower than in the AP group ( p < 0.05 ‐ 0.001 ). Conclusions. Both melatonin and 5-MTX provided protective effects on acute pulpitis, which indicates they may be promising as a therapeutic strategy for oral disease.
Recent publications suggest the utility of temozolomide (TMZ) in the management of aggressive pituitary adenomas and carcinomas, resistant to conventional treatments. The response to TMZ is inversely correlated with tumoral expression of O-6 methylguanine DNA methyl transferase (MGMT). Therefore, we aimed to assess MGMT immunoexpression in pure GH-secreting pituitary adenomas, in an effort to predict the likelihood of response to TMZ, and to correlate MGMT immunoexpression with Ki-67 LI and cytokeratin (CK) distribution pattern. Our material consisted of 36 GH-secreting pituitary adenomas (21 female,15 male, mean age 42.5±10.5), operated at our center between 2003 and 2010. Immunostaining for MGMT, Ki-67, and CK was performed using avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. Immunoreactivity for MGMT and Ki-67 was evaluated microscopically and recorded as percentages of positive nuclear immunostaining. CK distribution pattern was also evaluated microscopically and assoreted into dot-like and nondot-like pattern subtypes. MGMT immunoexpression scored as 0=none, 1=<10%, 2=<25%, 3=<50%, and 4=>50%. Staining for MGMT was <10% (score 1) in 30 (83.3%), 10-25% (score 2) in 3 (8.3%), 25-50% (score 3) in 2 (5.6%) and >50% (score 4) in 1 (2.8%) of the tumors, respectively. There was no correlation between Ki-67 LI and CK distribution pattern with MGMT immunoreactivity (P>0.05). Data from the current study suggest a large proportion of GH-secreting adenomas, including those with dot-like CK distribution pattern and high Ki-67 LI, demonstrate negative/low MGMT immunoreactivity and could be treated with TMZ, if conventional treatment fails.
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