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The effects of combining a polyamide-alginate casing incorporated with nisin (100 ppm and 200 ppm) and ε-polylysine (500 ppm and 1000 ppm) nanoparticles and a mixed plant extract as ingredient in sausage formulation (500 ppm; composed of olive leaves (OLE), green tea (GTE) and stinging nettle extracts (SNE) in equal rates) were studied to improve the shelf life and safety of frankfurter-type sausage. The film characteristics and microbiological properties of sausage samples were evaluated. Sausage samples were packaged in polyethylene bags (vacuum condition) and analysed during 45 days of storage at 4 °C. Control sausages were also treated with 120 ppm sodium nitrite. Polyamide-alginate films containing 100 ppm nisin and 500 ε-PL nanoparticles had the highest ultimate tensile strength compared to other films. However, 100 ppm nisin and 500 ε-PL nanoparticles decreased water vapour permeability of films. The results also revealed that nisin nanoparticles had significantly (p < 0.05) low inhibitory effects against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, molds and yeasts and total viable counts compared to control and ε-PL nanoparticles. Furthermore, 1000 ppm ε-PL nanoparticles displayed the highest antimicrobial activity. Based on the obtained results, the films containing ε-PL nanoparticle could be considered as a promising packaging for frankfurter-type sausages.

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This study aimed to evaluate the hemolytic activity and antibiotic susceptibility of enterococci isolated from Tulum cheese samples sold in Aksaray province. The isolates were identified as E. faecium (n = 30), E. faecalis (n = 25), and E. durans (n = 7) as a result of 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Three strains (E. faecalis ATC12, E. faecium ATC49, and E. faecium ATC54) exhibited ß-hemolytic activity, whereas others were non-hemolytic. Enterococci were found to have an intermediary or high resistance to nalidixic acid (%100), oxacillin (92%), and streptomycin (72.6%), respectively. E. faecalis strains had more resistant phenotypes to various clinically significant antibiotics than E. faecium and E. durans. Multi-drug resistance was found in 41.93% of the isolates. According to the results, Tulum cheese produced in Aksaray could be a potential vehicle for the transmission of antibiotic resistance via the food chain.

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