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In conclusion, the easy application, low cost, and significant blood-loss reduction effect of microfibrillar collagen powder renders this agent attractive for cardiac operations associated with high risk of bleeding.

The combined use of atenolol and digitalis preoperatively was considered as an efficient treatment for lowering the incidence of AF following coronary artery bypass surgery.

Recombinant human erythropoietin induces erythropoiesis rapidly, even when it is used with a low single dose just 4 days before the operation. No adverse reactions were seen with this kind of recombinant human erythropoietin treatment.