Tinea incognito (TI) is a dermatophytic infection which has lost its typical clinical appearance because of improper use of steroids or calcineurin inhibitors. The incidence of TI is increasing nowadays. We conducted retrospective review on 283 patients with TI from 25 dermatology training hospitals in Korea from 2002-2010 to investigate the demographical, clinical, and mycological characteristics of TI, and to determine the associated risk factors. More than half (59.3%) patients were previously treated by non-dermatologists or self-treated. The mean duration of TI was 15.0 ± 25.3 months. The most common clinical manifestations were eczema-like lesion, psoriasis-like, and lupus erythematosus-like lesion. The trunk and face were frequently involved, and 91 patients (32.2%) also had coexisting fungal infections. Among 67 isolated strains, Trichophyton rubrum was the most frequently detected (73.1%). This is the largest study of TI reported to date and the first investigational report concerning TI in Korea. We suggest that doctors should consider TI when a patient has intractable eczema-like lesions accompanied by tinea pedis/unguium. Furthermore, there should be a policy change, which would make over-the-counter high-potency topical steroids less accessible in some countries, including Korea.

Since the introduction of H1N1 influenza vaccine in the wake of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, many serious and non-serious vaccine-related adverse events have been reported. The vaccination could induce pain, erythema, tenderness, and induration on injected areas. These symptoms usually disappear in a few days after the vaccination. In this case, we observed a 26-year-old woman with multiple erythematous scaly macules scattered on the extremities and trunk. She was injected with an inactivated split-virus influenza A/H1N1 vaccine without adjuvant (Greenflu-S®, Green Corp.) on her left deltoid area 10 days earlier. The first lesion appeared on the injection site three days after the vaccination, and the following lesions spread to the trunk and extremities after a few days. Histopathological examinations showed neutrophilic collections within the parakeratotic cornified layer, moderate acanthosis, diminished granular layer, elongation and edema of the dermal papillae, and dilated capillaries. The lesions were successfully treated with topical steroids and ultraviolet B phototherapy within three weeks, and there was no relapse for the following fourteen months. We assumed that pandemic vaccination was an important trigger for the onset of guttate psoriasis in this case.

An innovative foam formulation for the fixed-dose combination of calcipotriol and betamethasone dipropionate (Cal/BD) has recently become available for the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. Observational studies of patients treated with Cal/BD foam in routine practice have been conducted in several Western countries, but there are limited data on outcomes in Asian patients. We performed a prospective, open-label, noncomparative, noninterventional study to investigate treatment outcomes and satisfaction in adult patients receiving Cal/BD foam for psoriasis vulgaris in dermatological centers and outpatient clinics in Korea.Data were collected at the time of enrollment (Visit 1) and at a routine clinic visit ~4 weeks later (Visit 2). In total, 218 patients were enrolled, of whom 175 were included in the safety analysis set (58.9% male; mean age ± standard deviation 46.7 ± 15.1 years; use of Cal/BD foam at least once daily 74.3%). Of the safety analysis set, 166 patients had at least mild psoriasis (Investigator Global Assessment [IGA] ≥ 2) and were analyzed for treatment outcomes and satisfaction. Of the 166 patients, 71.7% had mild psoriasis (IGA 2) at baseline.The majority (57.8%) achieved an IGA of 0/1 (clear/almost clear) at Visit 2. The Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) showed significantThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The sudden onset of lesions during the summer months among our patients supports the 'paraviral eruption' concept of this probably underdiagnosed condition. The significant presence of intravascular neutrophils may be a diagnostic clue of EPA in South Korea.

Background Recently, the number of nationwide medical researches on psoriasis using the National Health Insurance Service database has been on the rise. However, identification of psoriasis using diagnostic codes alone can lead to misclassification. Accuracy of the diagnostic codes and their concordance with medical records should be validated first to identify psoriasis patients correctly. Objective To validate the diagnostic codes of psoriasis (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision L40) and to find the algorithm for the identification of psoriasis. Methods We collected medical records of patients who received their first diagnostic codes of psoriasis during 5 years from five hospitals. Fifteen percent of psoriasis patients were randomly selected from each hospital. We performed a validation by reviewing medical records and compared 5 algorithms to identify the best algorithm. Results Total of 538 cases were reviewed and classified as psoriasis (n=368), not psoriasis (n=159), and questionable (n=11). The most accurate algorithm was including patients with ≥1 visits with psoriasis as primary diagnostic codes and prescription of vitamin D derivatives. Its positive predictive value was 96.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 93.9%~98.1%), which was significantly higher than those of the algorithm, including patients with ≥1 visits with psoriasis as primary diagnostic codes or including ≥1 visits with diagnostic codes of psoriasis (primary or additional) (91.0% and 69.8%). Sensitivity was 90.8% (95% CI, 87.2%~93.4%) and specificity was 92.5% (95% CI, 86.9%~95.9%). Conclusion Our study demonstrates a validated algorithm to identify psoriasis, which will be useful for the nationwide population-based study of psoriasis in Korea.

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare disease. It is a benign neoplastic process typically affecting young to middle-aged adults and most commonly involving the knee, hip, and shoulder joints. The symptoms include diffuse pain and swelling with discomfort. We report a rare case of localized PVNS originating at the proximal tibiofibular joint in a 39-year-old female patient with radiologic changes for short duration of time. The clinical history, plain radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging, and pathologic findings of the reported patient were reviewed. Complete surgical excision was performed and there was no evidence of recurrence after one-year follow-up.

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Background: Sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are the best-characterized immunoglobulin-type lectins. There is a growing amount of data linking Siglec and autoimmune diseases. The recently identified Siglec-9 inhibits T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated signaling which has been demonstrated by site-directed mutagenesis. In human Siglec-9, at least 8 nonsynonymous SNPs have been detected without functional studies. This study examined the SNP(s) related to TCR-mediated signaling. Methods: Since the functions of Siglecs are modulated by their interaction with sialic-acid-containing carbohydrate groups, a molecular modeling analysis of carbohydrate binding interactions and an RBC binding analysis were performed using the 8 SNPs. The TCR-mediated signaling was analyzed with the downstream signaling molecules ZAP-70 and IL-2. Results: This study revealed that an A391C polymorphism is the only mutant related to the binding. Jurkat T cells transfected with the A391C mutant reduced the inhibition of ZAP-70 phosphorylation and IL-2 production compared to cells transfected with the wild type. Conclusions: Siglec-9 A391C was the only polymorphism related to TCR-mediated signaling in human Siglec-9, resulting in less inhibition compared to the wild type.