HighlightsPaths/trails and lighting received convincing support in promoting park-based physical activity.The association between incivilities and park-based physical activity was consistently positive.Seven park environment characteristics were mixed in relation to park-based physical activity.The density of and proximity to parks represented inconsistent evidence.
Sarcopenic obesity is increasingly found in youth, but its health consequences remain unclear. Therefore, we studied the prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors as well as muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness using data from the German Children’s Health InterventionaL Trial (CHILT III) programme. In addition to anthropometric data and blood pressure, muscle and fat mass were determined with bioelectrical impedance analysis. Sarcopenia was classified via muscle-to-fat ratio. A fasting blood sample was taken, muscular fitness was determined using the standing long jump, and cardiorespiratory fitness was determined using bicycle ergometry. Of the 119 obese participants included in the analysis (47.1% female, mean age 12.2 years), 83 (69.7%) had sarcopenia. Affected individuals had higher gamma-glutamyl transferase, higher glutamate pyruvate transaminase, higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, higher diastolic blood pressure, and lower muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness (each p < 0.05) compared to participants who were ‘only’ obese. No differences were found in other parameters. In our study, sarcopenic obesity was associated with various disorders in children and adolescents. However, the clinical value must be tested with larger samples and reference populations to develop a unique definition and appropriate methods in terms of identification but also related preventive or therapeutic approaches.
Background: Urban parks play an important role in promoting physical activity (PA) among adults and especially among older city residents. According to the socioecological approach the association of physical environments and psychosocial factors in the context of park-based PA of elderly have not been systematically examined until now, let alone the relevance of the city (urban area) on a cross-cultural level. This study investigated selected aspects of (1) the association of psychosocial and park environmental factors with park-based physical activity (PBPA) of older people; and (2) the moderating effect of city on the association of these factors with PBPA. Methods: A face-to-face survey was conducted of a mixed-culture sample from different urban surroundings in Hong Kong (HK) and Leipzig (L). In six parks of each city physically active elderly (> = 60 years; HK: n = 306; L: n = 311) were recruited. Multiple linear regressions were used to analyse the association between psychosocial factors and perceived environmental factors with PBPA and the moderating effect of city. Results: Controlled for demographic variables, all other psychosocial factors were significantly related to PBPA, except social support. In terms of environmental factors, PBPA was positively associated with safety, attractiveness, features and negatively associated with park time distance. Controlled for demographic variables, psychosocial and environmental factors, the moderating effect of city on the associations of park features and park time distance with PBPA was not significant in HK. In contrast, there was a significant positive relationship for park features and a negative relationship for park time distance with PBPA in L. Conclusions: Psychosocial and perceived environmental factors significantly influence PBPA of older people. City moderates the associations of these factors and independently contributes to park-based PA of the elderly. The different interactions of environmental factors and urban area for PBPA of elderly can support policy makers on the municipal level in choosing adequate strategies for promoting PA of older people in parks.
BACKGROUND Web-based multiple health behavior change (MHBC) interventions have proved to be effective in promoting physical activity (PA) and increasing fruit-vegetable consumption (FVC) among Chinese college students. However, limited research has examined the intervention effects of web-based MHBC interventions on a combined healthy lifestyle (i.e., adhering to both PA and FVC behavioral recommendations) among college students. In addition, the salient psychosocial mediators of successful MHBC need to be addressed. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of an 8-week web-based MHBC intervention on promoting a combined healthy lifestyle and increasing psychosocial determinants of behavioral change (i.e., intention, self-efficacy, planning, and social support all relating to PA and FVC). Further, the study aimed to identify whether changes in these psychosocial determinants of PA and FVC could mediate the intervention effectiveness on the combined lifestyle indicator. METHODS This study was a secondary analysis for a three-arm, double-blinded randomized controlled trial. A total of 552 Chinese college students were randomly assigned to one of three groups, including a PA-first group (4-week intervention on PA followed by 4-week on FVC), an FVC-first group (4-week intervention on FVC followed by 4-week on PA), and a control group (8-week placebo treatment irrelevant to PA or FVC). The intervention content for PA-first and FVC-first groups was designed based on the health action process approach (HAPA) model. Data for analyses was collected at baseline (T0), post-intervention test (T1; 8 weeks after T0), and follow-up test (T2; 12 weeks after T0). RESULTS At baseline, only 13.9% of participants adopted a combined healthy lifestyle. After 8 weeks, the percentage of participants with a combined healthy lifestyle increased prominently (36.2%). Participants in the PA-first and FVC-first groups were respectively 3.24 and 5 times more likely to adopt a healthy lifestyle compared to the control group at T1. After 12 weeks, a total of 35.5% of participants maintained the combined healthy lifestyle. Participants who received the web-based MHBC interventions were 2.99 (PA-first) and 4.07 (FVC-first) more likely to maintain a combined healthy lifestyle relative to the control condition at T2. Intervention effects favored both intervention groups in self-efficacy and planning for PA and in intention and planning for FVC compared to the control condition. For mediation analyses, changes in self-efficacy for PA, and intention for FVC significantly mediated the intervention effectiveness on the immediate lifestyle change after 8 weeks (T1). Changes in intention for FVC was identified as a significant mediator for facilitating sustained lifestyle change after 12 weeks (T2) among Chinese college students. CONCLUSIONS This study provides empirical evidence for the effectiveness of an 8-week theory-based and web-based MHBC intervention program on promoting a combined healthy lifestyle and several psychosocial determinants of behavioral change among Chinese college students. These research findings also add new evidence to the underlying psychosocial mechanisms of successful MHBC. Overall, this study may have considerable implications for future web-based MHBC research and practice. CLINICALTRIAL N/A. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.2196/30566
To meet the challenge of obesity, effective therapeutic concepts for adolescents focusing on lifestyle changes are necessary. Particularly relevant are nutrition and physical activity patterns associated with media use, which can be influenced by sociodemographic factors. For the optimization of obesity therapy approaches, it is essential to analyze these sociodemographic factors to adjust the aims, content, and methods of interventions, and to use the potential of media in treatment concepts. Thus, the research question is: what are the media and physical activity patterns of 11- to 17-year-old participants in obesity therapy, depending on sociodemographic factors? The national multicenter study was conducted from 2012 to 2013. A questionnaire was administered to 564 participants aged 13.4 ± 1.6 (mean ± standard deviation) years. Standardized instruments were used to assess the variables physical activity, media use, and sociodemographic factors. Participants were physically active for 1 h on 3.3 ± 1.8 days per week, 8.5 % daily. Televisions, mobile phones, and computers were available in all sociodemographic groups and were used for 2 h per day. Sociodemographic differences can be seen in the extent of media usage (h/day). These differences can be found between girls and boys concerning their usage of mobile phones (2.49 vs. 1.90; p < 0.001), between 11- to 13- and 14- to 17-year-old children concerning their usage of game consoles (0.55 vs. 1.65; p = 0.007), and in the correlation analysis of media usage and physical activity. Compared with existing literature, the survey results reveal reduced activity and increased media use, which vary among the groups. Thus, differentiated therapy approaches appear to be reasonable. Future research needs to evaluate to what extent media, despite the risks, can contribute to the methodological support of therapy, training, and aftercare concepts.
Background Web-based multiple health behavior change (MHBC) interventions have demonstrated effectiveness in promoting physical activity (PA) and fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC) among Chinese college students. However, there is limited research examining their effects on promoting a healthy lifestyle (ie, adhering to both PA and FVC behavioral recommendations) among Chinese college students. In addition, the salient psychosocial mediators of successful MHBC interventions need to be researched. Objective This study aims to examine the effectiveness of a previous 8-week web-based MHBC program for promoting a healthy lifestyle and enhancing the psychosocial determinants (intention, self-efficacy, planning, and social support) of behavior change among Chinese college students. Furthermore, the study aims to identify whether changes in these psychosocial determinants mediate intervention effectiveness on the immediate and sustained lifestyle changes. Methods This was a secondary analysis for a 3-arm randomized controlled trial. Chinese college students (N=552) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: a PA-first group (4-week PA intervention followed by 4-week FVC intervention), an FVC-first group (4-week FVC intervention followed by 4-week PA intervention), and a placebo control group. The intervention content was designed based on the health action process approach model. Data for analyses were collected at baseline (T0), postintervention assessment (T1), and 12-week follow-up assessment (T2). Results At baseline, 13.9% (77/552) of the participants maintained a healthy lifestyle. After 8 weeks, more (200/552, 36.2%) participants achieved a healthy lifestyle. PA-first and FVC-first groups were, respectively, 3.24 times and 5 times more likely to adopt a healthy lifestyle than the control group at T1. After 12 weeks, 35.5% (196/552) of the participants adopted a healthy lifestyle. Intervention groups were approximately 2.99 times (PA first) and 4.07 times (FVC first) more likely to adopt a healthy lifestyle than the control group at T2. Intervention effects favored both intervention groups in self-efficacy and planning for PA and in intention and planning for FVC compared with the control condition. In addition, changes in PA self-efficacy and FVC intention mediated intervention effectiveness on the immediate lifestyle change after 8 weeks. Changes in FVC intention were identified as a salient mediator for facilitating sustained lifestyle change after 12 weeks. Conclusions This study provides empirical evidence for the effectiveness of an 8-week theory- and web-based MHBC intervention program on promoting a healthy lifestyle, self-efficacy and planning for PA, and intention and planning for FVC among Chinese college students. These research findings add new knowledge to the underlying psychosocial mechanisms of successful MHBC interventions. Overall, this study has considerable implications for future web-based MHBC research and practice in terms of addressing PA self-efficacy and FVC intention and helping students to adopt and maintain a healthy lifestyle independently of whether PA or FVC is addressed first. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03627949; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03627949
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