Only 4 out of the 36 evaluated formulas gave mean differences between measured and calculated osmolality of less than 1 mosmol/kg H(2)O. Zander's novel formula showed excellent concordance with measured osmolality and facilitates a more precise diagnosis based on blood gas analysers. The new equation has the potential to replace separate measurements of osmolality in many cases.
Although systemic absorption of locally injected vasoconstrictors occurs, adrenaline-related side effects during FESS are extremely rare when the patient is monitored exactly.
The pharmacokinetics of (S)-propranolol were compared after the oral administration of a 40 mg dose of the pure enantiomer and an 80 mg dose of a racemic mixture of (R,S)-propranolol. The results of this study indicate that the bioavailability of (S)-propranolol, as expressed by the mean area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and maximum serum concentration, is lower after 40 mg of the optically pure drug than after the racemic drug.
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