Nowadays embedded systems are growing at an impressive rate and provide more and more sophisticated applications characterized by having a complex array index manipulation and a large number of data accesses. Those applications require high performance specific computation that general purpose processors can not deliver at a reasonable energy consumption. Very long instruction word architectures seem a good solution providing enough computational performance at low power with the required programmability to speed up the time to market. Those architectures rely on compiler effort to exploit the available instruction and data parallelism to keep the data path busy all the time. With the density of transistors doubling each 18 months, more and more sophisticated architectures with a high number of computational resources running in parallel are emerging. With this increasing parallel computation, the access to data is becoming the main bottleneck that limits the available parallelism. To alleviate this problem, in current embedded architectures, a special unit works in parallel with the main computing elements to ensure efficient feed and storage of the data: the address generator unit, which comes in many flavors. Future architectures will have to deal with enormous memory bandwidth in distributed memories and the development of address generators units will be crucial for effective next generation of embedded processors where global trade-offs between reactiontime, bandwidth, energy and area must be achieved. This paper provides a survey of methods and techniques that optimize the address generation process for embedded systems, explaining current research trends and needs for future.
The number of industrial applications relying on the Machine to Machine (M2M) services exposed from physical world has been increasing in recent years. Such M2M services enable communication of devices with the core processes of companies. However, there is a big challenge related to complexity and to application-specific M2M systems called-vertical silos‖. This paper focuses on reviewing the technologies of M2M service networks and discussing approaches from the perspectives of M2M information
Ambient Intelligence is a new paradigm in which environments are sensitive and responsive to the presence of people. This is having an increasing importance in multimedia applications, which frequently rely on sensors to provide useful information to the user. In this context, multimedia applications must adapt and personalize both content and interfaces in order to reach acceptable levels of context-specific quality of service for the user, and enable the content to be available anywhere and at any time. The next step is to make content available to everybody in order to overcome the existing access barriers to content for users with specific needs, or else to adapt to different platforms, hence making content fully usable and accessible. Appropriate access to video content, for instance, is not always possible due to the technical limitations of traditional video packaging, transmission and presentation. This restricts the flexibility of subtitles and audio-descriptions to be adapted to different devices, contexts and users. New Web standards built around HTML5 enable more featured applications with better adaptation and personalization facilities, and thus would seem more suitable for accessible AmI environments. This work presents a video subtitling system that enables the customization, adaptation and synchronization of subtitles across different devices and multiple screens. The benefits of HTML5 applications for building the solution are analyzed along with their current platform support. Moreover, examples of the use of the application in three different cases are presented. Finally, the user experience of the solution is evaluated.
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