Hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia are risk factors for the recurrence of idiopathic BPPV and a normal exam is considered a protective factor.
Objective To evaluate the labeling preferences of medication users and characterize their perceptions of the comprehensibility and readability of medication labels. Methods We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of medication users aged 18 years or older in 10 Brazilian capital cities. Perceptions of the comprehensibility and readability of medication labels in relation to sociodemographic characteristics were evaluated by Poisson regression models with robust variance. Labeling preferences were assessed through questions addressing possible improvements and through the use of digitally simulated packages. Results Of 6,255 medication users interviewed, more than half found it difficult or very difficult to read (50.8%) and/or understand (52.0%) medication labels. Difficulties were more pronounced for participants aged 40 years or older, with lower levels of education, and non-whites. Increasing the font size (93.7%), describing the indications for use (95.9%) and contraindications (95.6%) on the label, and highlighting the expiration date (96.3%) were the most widely accepted improvements. In the evaluation of simulated packages, users preferred factors that improved readability, such as increased font size, use of graphic elements and color to highlight the concentration of the active ingredient, and contrast between the font color and background. The new simulated package design, with increased font size, color to highlight the concentration and contrast between the font color and background, was preferred over the standard design by 77.0% of participants. Conclusion Based on users’ perceptions, increased font size and use of graphic elements and color to emphasize critical information, such as expiration date and concentration, are factors that contribute to making medication labels clearer to users. Pharmaceutical industries and policy makers should consider these items when developing labels and defining policies on this issue.
Diced cartilage grafts are used to increase and refine the nasal contour, providing easy molding and versatility when compared with block grafts. However, all grafts present the possibility of visibility, distortion, and absorption. The aim of this study is to evaluate, through a systematic review, the outcome of the use of the free diced graft cartilage in rhinoplasty. A systematic search of the literature was performed in the databases (PubMed, Lilacs, Scielo, Cochrane) with the terms “diced cartilage” and “rhinoplasty.” Studies were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and data extracted and grouped for analysis. Six eligible studies were included. In total, 4,044 patients underwent rhinoplasty with free diced cartilage graft, with 61 (1.51%) of them requiring reoperation. The main reasons were overcorrection and irregularities of the nasal dorsum. The infection rate was reported in three studies, with 2 (0.06%) of 3,252 patients presenting infection at the graft site. Two cases of displacement were treated with external molding, without reoperation. The graft resorption was reported in four articles, which described 22 (0.67%) cases of partial resorption in 3,288 patients. Therefore, the available evidence suggests that resorption of the graft and unfavorable outcomes are rare.
RESUMOIntrodução: A interação entre o zumbido e os distúrbios temporomandibulares é um tema que possui abordagem antiga e complexa, pois os fatores etiológicos, bem como a patogênese desta inter-relação ainda não são bem definidos. Ademais, sabe-se que o zumbido possui maior prevalência nos portadores de distúrbios temporomandibulares quando comparados com a população geral, o que sugere haver esta correlação. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do tratamento dos distúrbios temporomandibulares na percepção do zumbido. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte, prospectivo, em que se estudaram pacientes portadores de distúrbios temporomandibulares (DTM) que apresentavam zumbido antes e após o tratamento odontológico do DTM. Os pacientes foram avaliados quanto à idade, sexo, caracterização do zumbido -local do sintoma e tempo de duração e avaliação auditiva através de audiometria. A intensidade do zumbido foi avaliada através de escala analógico-digital antes e após o tratamento dos DTM. Resultados: Avaliamos 15 pacientes com DTM e zumbido, com idade média de 37,7±17,1 anos, sendo 86,7% do sexo feminino. Em 60% dos casos o zumbido era unilateral e a mediana do tempo de duração foi de 24 meses. Em 5 (33,3%) pacientes identificou-se perda auditiva neurossensorial a audiometria. Comparando-se os escores da escala analógico-visual antes e após o tratamento odontológico, verificou-se que houve redução significativa (p<0,001) da intensidade do zumbido. Em 4 (26,6%) pacientes houve desaparecimento do zumbido. Conclusão: Houve redução significativa na percepção do zumbido nos pacientes submetidos a tratamento das desordens temporomandibulares. Palavras-chave: transtornos da audição, zumbido, transtornos da articulação temporomandibular, transtornos craniomandibulares. SUMMARYIntroduction: The interaction between tinnitus and temporomandibular disorders is a very complex issue that has been long approached, because neither the etiologic factors nor the pathogenesis of such a two-way association has been clearly defined yet. Additionally, tinnitus is known to be more prevalent in temporomandibular dysfunction individuals in comparison with the general population, hence, suggesting the existence of this two-way association. Objective: Evaluate the effect of the temporomandibular disorder treatment when tinnitus is noticed. Methods: It is about a prospective cohort study, in which temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) individuals showing a tinnitus before and after the dental TMD treatment were studied. Patients' age, sex, and tinnitus features -place of symptom and time length were examined, and an audiometric evaluation was performed. Intensity of tinnitus was evaluated by a digital analogue scale before and after the TMD treatment. Results: We evaluated 15 TMD and tinnitus patients aged between 37.7±17.1, 86.7% of whom were female. In 60% of the cases, tinnitus was unilateral and the average time length was 24 months. In 5 (33.3%) patients, a neurosensorial hearing loss was seen at audiometry. When comparing the visual analogue scale sc...
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