Industrial Symbiosis (IS) is an emerging business tool that is used by practitioners to engage cooperation among industries to reuse waste streams. The key to reveal IS opportunities for organizations is both connecting the supply and demand of various industries and providing technical knowledge on the IS implementation. This process is increasingly supported by information systems which act as a facilitator of communication and distributor of knowledge. However, we lack understanding of a describing role of each type of information system within the process of IS identification. IS literature could benefit from a clear overview of (i) the characteristics of these different information systems, (ii) the role of support these systems provide, and (iii) the technologies used to enable such identification. This paper analyzes the current state of literature that addresses information systems that facilitate IS identification and studies these systems using these three pillars. Our study contributes by providing a classification framework of information systems that facilitate industrial symbiosis identification and reveals three research directions to progress IS identification tools, namely (i) software product and service development (ii) data integration, and (iii) adoption of intelligent learning.
One of the concrete examples of industrial symbiosis development is eco-industrial parks, which improves resource efficiency and minimizes environmental impacts by adopting models for waste exchanges between industries. Despite past efforts, many industrial zones around the world are not yet considered as eco-industrial parks because of the low number (or total lack) of symbiotic relationships among industries. A promising strategy is to develop those existing industrial zones into eco-industrial parks. However, there is a lack of studies addressing how to assess the environmental improvement in relation to network sustainability. This study demonstrates such an assessment approach using an integration of food web analysis and social network analysis. These two methods can assist in assessing differences in network configurations with respect to potential implementations of industrial symbiosis, and in analysing the resilience, redundancy, connectance, and cyclicity of eco-parks. The use of the methods is illustrated in a case study of an industrial zone in Turkey. Four potential future scenarios are proposed including potential future co-location of companies in the industrial zone in order to foster industrial symbiotic network formation. These scenarios are compared with the current configuration. The results indicate the method's ability to assess the resilience of an industrial network. Moreover, the case shows an improvement of network sustainability and follows some sustainable properties of natural ecosystems as a result of implementing the industrial symbiosis.
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