The susceptibility of a variety of cell lines of different mammalian origin to cytotoxic (CT) induction by either ultraviolet light-irradiated reovirus type 2 (UVR2) or viable reovirus type 2 plus the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, was examined. The following groups of cells were found to be susceptible to CT-induction: certain tumor cells and spontaneously transformed cell lines of human origin and certain virally and spontaneously transformed cell lines of murine origin. The following groups of cells were found to be resistant: normal human diploid cell lines, primary and continuous cell cultures of subhuman primates, primary mouse cells, normal rat kidney cells and baby hamster kidney cells. Susceptibility to CT-induction could not be related to the adsorption of virus to cells, nor to the capacity of the cell to support virus replication.

Previous work indicates that the magnitude and direction of renal responses to exercise depend on the exercise intensity. To examine mechanisms responsible for these findings, renal and hormonal responses were studied in eight healthy male subjects (29.6 +/- 1.9 yr) before and immediately after four 20-min bouts of submaximal exercise (cycle ergometry) at work loads representing 25, 40, 60, and 80% of maximal oxygen consumption. Urine flow, osmotic clearance, glomerular filtration rate, and sodium excretion (UNa+V) all tended to rise at the 25% work load but were markedly reduced at the higher work intensities. Changes in urine flow paralleled changes in glomerular filtration rate (r = 0.91). Plasma vasopressin (ADH), aldosterone, and plasma renin activity tended to increase progressively with increases in work load, with the increases for all hormones reaching statistical significance when the level of exercise reached greater than or equal to 60% of maximal oxygen consumption. However, atrial natriuretic peptide was elevated (P less than 0.05) at all work loads from greater than 1.6-fold of control levels at the 25% work load to greater than 7-fold at the 80% work load. The increase in urine flow (6 of 8 subjects) and UNa+V (7 of 8 subjects) may be due to the increase in atrial natriuretic peptide and/or a 10% suppression (P less than 0.05) of ADH at the 25% work load.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The trained condition is associated with alterations in fluid regulation. In attempt to elucidate mechanisms responsible for these differences, resting, postexercise (maximal treadmill exercise of 8-13 min duration), and recovery measurements were made in seven trained (mean peak O2 consumption was 60.5 +/- 1.6 ml.kg-1.min-1) and seven untrained (mean peak O2 consumption was 40.7 +/- 1.7 ml.kg-1.min-1) male subjects. Samples were obtained by venipuncture with subjects seated. No significant differences in resting plasma osmolality (Osm), sodium, potassium, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), aldosterone, renin activity, or atrial natriuretic factor were found between groups. Maximal exercise produced significant increases in all of the above variables. Values immediately postexercise were similar between groups except for plasma Osm and sodium, which were significantly higher in the untrained group. Despite a reduction in plasma volume of equal magnitude in both groups, trained subjects demonstrated an increase in vascular proteins and mean corpuscular volume during exercise. This increase in plasma protein may be an important initiating factor responsible for the elevated plasma volume after 1-h recovery from exercise in the trained group. Lastly, similar ADH responses despite lower Osm in trained subjects may indicate that training increases the sensitivity of ADH to osmotic stimulation.

Purpose: To prospectively evaluate serum and follicular fluid leptin, estradiol, and progesterone levels during in vitro fertilization.Methods: Prospective observational study measuring serum levels at six points during the IVF cycle and follicular fluid at the time of retrieval.Results: Serum leptin and estradiol levels both significantly increased for the individual patients during the IVF stimulation process. None of the leptin levels differed based on pregnancy outcome. BMI significantly correlated with all leptin levels. Follicular fluid estradiol correlated with serum estradiol only in pregnant patients (r = 0.97, p < 0.01) and was unrelated in non-pregnant patients (r = − 0.15, p = 0.81).Conclusion: Serum and follicular leptin levels are highly correlated. Leptin levels increase during the IVF cycle and vary between patients based on maternal BMI, but do not correlate with other serum hormone levels or pregnancy outcome. Pregnancy outcome success was reflected in the relationship between follicular fluid and serum levels of estradiol, independent of leptin levels.

Despite evidence of surfactant dysfunction in the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), treatment with exogenous surfactant remains experimental. Uneven pulmonary distribution is one factor that may limit response. We investigated whether exogenous surfactant administered by lavage, consisting of a 35 ml/kg volume instilled by gravity and followed immediately by passive drainage (LAVAGE), would result in better lung distribution and physiologic response than with surfactant administered as a 5 ml/kg bolus (BOLUS). Exosurf, an artificial surfactant, was administered after acute lung injury induced by saline lung lavage in neonatal piglets. In the LAVAGE group (n= 9), 10.1 +/- 0.4 ml/kg of surfactant was retained, corresponding to a phospholipid dose of 136 +/- 5 mg/kg. In the BOLUS group (n = 9), the dose administered was 203 mg/kg phospholipid. Piglets in the LAVAGE group demonstrated greater improvement in pulmonary function, including PaO2, PaCO2, ventilation efficiency index, functional residual capacity (FRC), and pressure-volume curves than piglets in the BOLUS group. Some differences were found in lung distribution of surfactant. We conclude that Exosurf is more effective when administered by lavage in this lung injury model. We speculate that the lavage method of administration holds promise as an alternative method of surfactant administration in patients with ARDS.