Background: Concurrent training of strength and endurance has been widely ued in the field of health, with favorable effects on body composition. However, the effect on the body composition of a ludic-motor concurrent proposal in adults with Down syndrome has not been quantified yet. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a concurrent training program based on motor games on body composition indicators and cardiometabolic risk on schooled male adults with Down syndrome. Methods: The sample is composed of 15 male adults with Down syndrome from Chile. Body composition variables such as body mass index, waist circumference, height to waist ratio, skin folds, perimeters, and muscle areas were assessed at the beginning and end of the program. Subsequently, a program of motor games was designed and implemented for 10 months. Results: Mean and standard deviation for body fat were pre (25.36 ± 5.60) and post (23.01 ± 6.20)%; waist circumference pre (86.00 ± 8.97) and post (82.07 ± 8.38) cm. Brachial perimeter and muscle area were pre (22.30 ± 2.80) and post (23.61 ± 2.28) cm; pre (40.19 ± 10.09) and post (44.77 ± 8.48) cm2, respectively. Our findings showed significant results (p < 0.05): body fat %; sum of folds; waist circumference; height to waist ratio; brachial perimeter and brachial muscle area. Conclusion: A concurrent training program implemented through motor skills games decreases body fat and cardiovascular risk and increases the muscle mass in male adults with Down syndrome.
La asociación entre la obesidad y un mayor riesgo de morbimortalidad cardiometabólica es un hecho, pero las alteraciones metabólicas provocan cambios autonómicos que no siempre son detectados en una institución de salud. Objetivo: Evidenciar el efecto de un protocolo interválico de alta intensidad sobre la actividad cardiovagal en personas con sobrepeso, evaluando por medio de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca. Método: Colaboraron 20 personas con sobrepeso, sin otros antecedentes mórbidos. Su edad fue de 24,6 ± 2,17 años; índice de masa corporal (IMC) de 27,11 ± 1,38 kg•m-2; presión arterial sistólica y diastólica de 126,4 ± 2,49 y de 86,1 ± 1,85 mmHg, respectivamente. El muestreo fue realizado por conveniencia. Se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en Grupo de intervención (GI, n=10) y Grupo de Control (GC, n=10). Resultados: Se registraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos, en los tiempos donde los valores de inicio son menores que a la sexta semana (F: 120,412; G.L.=1; 7; p= 0,003). Además, existe diferencia estadística entre el valor SD1 del GC > GE (F: 6,700; G.L.=1; 7; p= 0,036) y solamente en el GI, entre la 1 semana > 6 semana (EMMEANS =10,400; p=0,001). Conclusión: En seis semanas de intervención, con un protocolo de activación vagal, aumentó la modulación parasimpática en reposo en personas con sobrepeso.Summary. The association between obesity and an increased risk of cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality is a fact, but most of the time there are metabolic disorders that cause autonomic changes not always detected by health institutions. Objective: To demonstrate the effect of a high intensity and short duration interval protocol on cardiovagal activity in overweight people through the evaluation of heart rate variability. Method: a total of 20 overweight people without other morbid backgrounds collaborated in the study. Their age was 24.6 ± 2.17 years old; body mass index (BMI) of 27.11 ± 1.38 kg • m-2; systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 126.4 ± 2.49 and 86.1 ± 1.85 mmHg, respectively. Sampling was done by convenience. They were randomly distributed in Intervention Group (GI, n = 10) and Control Group (GC, n = 10). Results: Significant differences were registered between the groups, the starting values being lower than after sixth week (F: 120,412; G.L. = 1; 7; p = 0,003). In addition, there is a statistical difference between the SD1 value of the GC> GE (F: 6,700; GL = 1; 7; p = 0.036) and only in the GI, between 1 week> 6 weeks (EMMEANS = 10,400; p = 0.001). Conclusion: After the six-week intervention with a vagal activation protocol, parasympathetic modulation at rest increased in overweight people.
Background: Arterial hypertension is among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The primary non-pharmacological management of arterial hypertension is isometric grip training, which has shown better results than pharmacological methods; however, it has not been thoroughly studied in large muscle groups. Objective: This study compared the pressor response of isometric exercise training at different intensities, in large versus small muscle groups, in sedentary eutrophic and overweight people aged 20-29 years. Methods: A sample of 93 people (57 people with excess weight and 36 people of normal weight) participated in isometric training for 5 days, subdivided into leg press versus Handgrip strength, with different intensities for each subgroup (30 and 50%, 1 RM). Before and after the 5 training days, heart rate variability (HRV) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, BSBP-BDBP and PSBP-PDBP, were measured to evaluate the state of sympathetic activation at rest and pressor response. Results: Changes with significant differences (p <0.05) in terms of pre-post training measurements in the eutrophic group were the BSBP-PSBP variables at 30% and 50% 1 RM for manual isometric grip strength. In the excess weight group, the only significant change was the PSBP variable in Handgrip strength at 30% 1 RM. It should be noted that in all cases, blood pressure values tended to reduce. Conclusion: Isometric strength exercises in large and small muscle groups show a tendency to reduce blood pressure values; however, the isometric Handgrip force at 30% 1 RM shows statistically significant reductions in blood pressure values.
The aim of this study was to study the effects of a resistance training programme on Maximal Dynamic Strength (MDS) and muscle morphology of the upper limbs (UL) and lower limbs (LL), as well as to analyse their association with cognition, in a population of older women. The study had a duration of 24 months and a total of 93 Chilean older women participated. The participants were divided into two groups: the Physical Activity Group (PAG, n = 45, age (X ± SD) 77.93 ± 3.54 years), and the Sedentary Group (SG, n = 48, age (X ± SD) 77.71 ± 3.41 years). The PAG carried out a muscle strength training routine twice per week. The following variables were evaluated: muscle function through maximal dynamic strength (1RM), muscle morphology through arm and calf circumference (AC and CC, respectively), and cognition (Mini Mental State Examination: MMSE). The results show that the SG recorded significant decreases (percent changes; p < 0.05) in the analysed variables: MMSE (−3.5%), MDS in UL (−3.3%), MDS in LL (−4.1%), AC (−4.5%), CC (−4.1%), and BMI (−3.1%). However, the PAG improved significantly in all the analysed variables except in BMI: MMSE (3.9%), MDS in UL (3.6%), MDS in LL (3.5%), AC (1.8%), and CC (2.5%). Moreover, there was a significant association (p < 0.05) between the changes in the muscle strength variables and the changes in cognition level. Therefore, it can be concluded that a two-year muscle strength training programme (load intensity between 30–55% 1RM) in older women improves Maximal Dynamic Strength in UL and LL, as well as muscle mass in arms and calves. Furthermore, it can be asserted that the changes in muscle strength levels could predict the changes in the levels of cognition in older women.
Introducción: Los cambios fisiológicos asociados al envejecimiento generan una serie de modificaciones funcionales, destacando una disminución en la capacidad respiratoria. En este sentido, una estrategia alternativa para mejorar tal condición podría ser el entrenamiento de la musculatura inspiratoria (EMI). Objetivo: Analizar el efecto del EMI con válvula umbral, sobre la capacidad funcional en mujeres físicamente activas mayores de 60 años. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un EMI con válvula umbral durante 4 semanas, sobre un grupo experimental (GE; n:10), contrastado con un grupo control (GC; n:5). Se valoraron las siguientes variables hemodinámicas y antropométricas: peso, talla, índice de masa corporal (IMC), lactato, doble producto y capacidad funcional, analizando los cambios pre y post entrenamiento. Resultados: en el grupo GE disminuye post intervención la concentración de lactato y la escala de percepción del esfuerzo; 3,16±0,51 a 2,5±0,39 y 5,56 ± 1,81 a 4±2, respectivamente. En el mismo grupo se incrementan los valores de presión inspiratoria máxima (Pimáx) post intervención; 42,11±14,57 a 60,44±14,47. El GC no presentó cambios en sus valores. Conclusión: No se evidencian cambios favorables en los metros recorridos post intervención, sin embargo, el EMI mostró una disminución sobre la concentración de lactato post ejercicio, lo que podría identificar un retraso en la aparición de la fatiga.
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