In order to test hypotheses derived from Lerner's theoretical model, Grade 4 children were either employed to test a toy at either a "proper-pay" rate, or they were "overpaid." They were later allowed to donate money to a poor orphan. Either no one, their teacher and the experimenter, or future younger subjects knew how much they donated. A separate measure of each child's tolerance for delayed gratification was taken. It was found, as expected, that overpaid children donated more money; but, unexpectedly, the donation did not vary as a function of audience. Children with a relatively high tolerance for delayed gratification were more affected by the deserving manipulation, as they gave away both more when they were overpaid and less when they were properly paid. Children with a lower tolerance for delayed gratification were more affected by the audience, giving less when their donation was anonymous.1 This report is based on part of a dissertation submitted to the Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the doctoral degree.
A program designed to facilitate newly admitted female immates' adjustment to prison is outlined. The supportive and psychodidactic components of the program are described, and the use of inmate cofacilitators is discussed.
The prediction that people prefer greater distance between themselves and others when they anticipate a stressful situation was tested. The sex of the "other" was expected to have an interactive effect on distance preference. Written descriptions of settings in which people anticipated future situations of high and low stress were presented and Ss indicated seating preference. When anticipating more stressful situations, more distance from another person was preferred. Males preferred to sit closer to the opposite sex while females preferred to sit closer to the same sex. These findings are consistent with an interpretation of interpersonal distance as a moderator of stress. The sex of the Ss and of their interaction partners must be considered in studies of interpersonal distance preference.
The prediction that increased tension would lead to a preference for greater distance from others was tested on 40 male and 40 female Ss approached in eight natural settings of high or low tension and their distance preference measured. Ss in the four higher-tension situations indicated a preference for significantly more distance. Self-reported tension was correlated significantly and positively with the distance preferred across all eight situations. There was no effect of sex.
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