Patients needing an RRS intervention are suddenly critically ill and have a mismatch of resources to needs. Hospitals should implement an RRS, which consists of four elements: an afferent, "crisis detection" and "response triggering" mechanism; an efferent, predetermined rapid response team; a governance/administrative structure to supply and organize resources; and a mechanism to evaluate crisis antecedents and promote hospital process improvement to prevent future events.

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The provision of prompt effective resuscitation is fundamental in ensuring successful outcomes following cardiac arrest but historically nurses and doctors have lacked competence in performing basic life support (BLS), despite being confident in their abilities. The object of this study was to assess BLS confidence as assessed against competence of doctors' in-training, qualified nurses and healthcare assistants (HCAs) following the development of structured resuscitation training. This study has highlighted that the introduction of a structured resuscitation training programme has resulted in a noticeable improvement in BLS skills, particularly with regard to doctors. Registered nurses have improved with regular training compared with previously published data but HCAs tend to perform poorly and are under-confident. There remains a mismatch between confidence and competence, with only doctors demonstrating both confidence and competency and therefore changes to training programmes may be required to address this mismatch.

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