Background: Lucilia silvarum Meigen,1826 (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is one of the medically important blowflies. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the toxicity of abamectin, deltamethrin and diazinon to eggs, larvae, and adult stages of L. silvarum. Moreover, the disturbances of some biological and physiological aspects were investigated. Materials and methods: Newly hatched eggs, early third instar larvae and one-day-old adult flies of L. silvarum were exposed to different concentrations of the selected insecticides. To follow some biological aspects of the tested concentration survivors such as egg hatchability, larval mortality, pupation %, adult emergence % and sex ratio were studied. Spectrophotometric estimation of total proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and certain enzymes activity were determined in the 3 rd larval instar that survived the tested concentrations. Results: The results showed that abamectin provoked the highest toxicity value against the third larval instar, while deltamethrin elicited the most toxic effect against egg and adult stages. The mortality of eggs, larvae and adults increased with the increase of concentration. High significant larval and adult mortalities were observed after 48 h treatment. The percentage of pupation is reduced after treatment of the third larval instar with the three selected insecticides. A high significant reduction in the mean number of emerged males was observed after treatments with all concentrations of the three tested insecticides. The treatment with different concentrations of the investigated insecticides leads to physiological disturbances in total protein, carbohydrates and lipid contents of the treatment survived larvae. Moreover, the change in enzyme activities as MFOs, AChE, ALP, ACP, GST, α and β-estreases following insecticides application were measured.
Conclusion:The three tested insecticides induced some biological and physiological disturbances in the life of survived insect pests which may be considered as control agents against the myiasis producing fly L. silvarum.
Pyrethroid insecticides have widely been used to control the house fly, Musca domestica. Toxicological and biochemical studies were conducted for monitoring housefly tolerance to three pyrethroid insecticides λ -cyhalothrin, deltamethrin and α-cypermethrin. Based on the LC 50 values of third larval instar laboratory (LS) and field strains (FS) exposed for 72 h using a poisonous media technique, flies showed resistance ratios ranging from 4.06 to 7.59-fold. The highest house fly population homogeneity was observed with deltamethrin in LS (2.13) and α-cypermethrin in FS (1.66). The biochemical evaluation was conducted in the third larval instar after exposure to estimated LC 50 values of the tested insecticides on both strains. The protein content of FS was significantly higher in the control and λcyhalothrin and decreased following treatment with deltamethrin and α-cypermethrin. In contrast, mixed function oxidase enzymes (MFOs) were significantly higher in FS under all treatments, while β-esterase was significantly highest in λ-cyhalothrin FS. The α-esterase activity declined significantly with different pyrethroid treatments of FS. Glutathione-S-transferase enzyme (GST) activity was highest in all treatments of FS, except α-cypermethrin was lower in LS. The activity of Acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) following pyrethroid treatments decreased significantly in FS compared with LS and control treatments. Carboxylesterase was significantly higher in all pyrethroid treatments of FS. Significant interactions were observed between strains and pyrethroid treatments. The development of pyrethroid resistance in FS, and the role of mixed-function oxidases and β-esterase in the degradation of different pyrethroids, in addition to, β-esterase and GST with λ-cyhalothrin detoxification, may explain the highest tolerance ratio (7.59).
The present studies were carried out to survey and evaluate the population densities of some insect pests infesting rosemary plants and their associated predators during the two successive seasons of 2013 and 2014 at Abo-Kabir district , Sharkia Governorate. The obtained results are summarized as follow : Seven insect species belonging to seven families and four orders were recorded as insect pests on rosemary plants. Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), Aphis gossypii Glover, Empoasca decipiens (Paoli) and Thrips tabaci Lind. were the most dominant species and recorded 53.95, 19.01, 13.08 and 8.14 % of the total insects numbers, respectively.Bemesia tabaci showed four peaks on 1 st August , 22 nd August , 19 th September and 17 th October in the first season and on 24 th July , 21 st August , 2 nd October and 20 th November in the second one. A.gossypii had two peaks on 1 st August and 29 th August in the first season and three peaks on 7 th August , 4 th September and 25 th September in the second season .Temperature and relative humidity influenced B.tabaci populations by 4.4337 and 72.9724 % in the first and second seasons , respectively. Temperature and relative humidity affected A. gossypii population by 33.91 and 44.68 % during the two successive seasons , respectively .Five predaceous insect species belonging to five families and four orders were surveyed. Paederus alfierii (Koch), Coccinella undecimpunctata L. and Chrysoperla carnea (Steph.) were the most dominant species inhabiting rosemary plants and representing 52.12, 24.00 and 10.35% of the total number of predators, respectively.
This study aims to shed light on the study and survey of different mosquito species, especially of medical importance, such as the Culex mosquitoes that transmit Filariasis, the Anopheles mosquitoes that transmit malaria, the Aedes mosquitoes that transmit yellow fever and Dengue fever, as well as clarify the difference between them of different stages (eggs-larvapupa-adult) In two countries in Asia and Egypt, as well as different methods of control.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.