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The primary objectives of this study were to assess the physiological importance of postprandial blood concentrations of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK8), secretin, gastrin 17, and glucagon on superior mesenteric artery blood flow and to determine whether a nervous reflex mechanism is involved in postprandial mesenteric artery blood flow in healthy humans. The superior mesenteric artery was chosen to assess intestinal blood flow because it supplies a large part of the small intestine, the right colon, and the pancreas and it is easily assessible for noninvasive measurement of blood flow. Methods

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Duplex ultrasound was used to investigate superior mesenteric artery haemodynamics in humans in order to study the contribution of the smali intestine to the postprandial splanchnic hyperaemia, and to determine the relative potencies of the major food components in the postprandial mesenteric flow response. Duplex parameters of vessel diameter, mean velocity, and volume flow were determined serially in the basal state and after stimulation. Flow parameters were significantly (p<005) increased after liquid and solid oral meals. Modified sham feeding did not alter mesenteric blood flow. Intestinal perfusion of an isocaloric liquid test meal induced flow increases comparable with oral intake. Superior mesenteric artery blood flow also significantly (p<0O05) increased after isocaloric and iso-osmolar loads of intraduodenal carbohydrate, fat, and protein meals. Responses were similar after the test meal, fat, and protein, but were significantly (p<0-05) less for carbohydrates. Different osmolar loads of saline did not affect flow responses. We conclude that the intestinal phase is the major regulator of the postprandial mesenteric blood flow response in healthy humans and that the chemical nature of food determines the mesenteric response pattern.