T2K (Tokai to Kamioka) is a long baseline neutrino experiment with the primary goal of measuring the neutrino mixing angle θ 13 . It uses a muon neutrino beam, produced at the J-PARC accelerator facility in Tokai, sent through a near detector complex on its way to the far detector, Super-Kamiokande. Appearance of electron neutrinos at the far detector due to oscillation is used to measure the value of θ 13 .

The T2K experiment is a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. Its main goal is to measure the last unknown lepton sector mixing angle θ13θ13 by observing νeνe appearance in a νμνμ beam. It also aims to make a precision measurement of the known oscillation parameters, View the MathML sourceΔm232 and sin22θ23sin22θ23, via νμνμ disappearance studies. Other goals of the experiment include various neutrino cross-section measurements and sterile neutrino searches. The experiment uses an intense proton beam generated by the J-PARC accelerator in Tokai, Japan, and is composed of a neutrino beamline, a near detector complex (ND280), and a far detector (Super-Kamiokande) located 295 km away from J-PARC. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the instrumentation aspect of the T2K experiment and a summary of the vital information for each subsystem

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early Universe, the dynamics of the supernova bursts that produced the heavy elements necessary for life and whether protons eventually decay -these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our Universe, its current state and its eventual fate. The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) represents an extensively developed plan for a world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions.Experiments carried out over the past half century have revealed that neutrinos are found in three states, or flavors, and can transform from one flavor into another. These results indicate that each neutrino flavor state is a mixture of three different nonzero mass states, and to date offer the most compelling evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model. In a single experiment, LBNE will enable a broad exploration of the three-flavor model of neutrino physics with unprecedented detail. Chief among its potential discoveries is that of matter-antimatter asymmetries (through the mechanism of charge-parity violation) in neutrino flavor mixing -a step toward unraveling the mystery of matter generation in the early Universe. Independently, determination of the unknown neutrino mass ordering and precise measurement of neutrino mixing parameters by LBNE may reveal new fundamental symmetries of Nature.Grand Unified Theories, which attempt to describe the unification of the known forces, predict rates for proton decay that cover a range directly accessible with the next generation of large underground detectors such as LBNE's. The experiment's sensitivity to key proton decay channels will offer unique opportunities for the ground-breaking discovery of this phenomenon.Neutrinos emitted in the first few seconds of a core-collapse supernova carry with them the potential for great insight into the evolution of the Universe. LBNE's capability to collect and analyze this high-statistics neutrino signal from a supernova within our galaxy would provide a rare opportunity to peer inside a newly-formed neutron star and potentially witness the birth of a black hole.To achieve its goals, LBNE is conceived around three central components: (1) a new, highintensity neutrino source generated from a megawatt-class proton accelerator at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, (2) a fine-grained near neutrino detector installed just downstream of the source, and (3) a massive liquid argon time-projection chamber deployed as a far detector deep underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility. This facility, located at the site of the former Homestake Mine in Lead, South Dakota, is ∼1,300 km from the neutrino source at Fermilab -a distance (baseline) that delivers optimal sensitivity to neutrino charge-parity symmetry violation and mass ordering effects. This ambitious yet cost-effective design incorporates scalability and flexibility and can accommodate a variety of upgrades and contributions.With its exceptional combi...

The Tokai-to-Kamioka (T2K) experiment studies neutrino oscillations using an off-axis muon neutrino beam with a peak energy of about 0.6 GeV that originates at the J-PARC accelerator facility. Interactions of the neutrinos are observed at near detectors placed at 280 m from the production target and at the far detector -Super-Kamiokande (SK) -located 295 km away. The flux prediction is an essential part of the successful prediction of neutrino interaction rates at the T2K detectors and is an important input to T2K neutrino oscillation and cross section measurements. A FLUKA and GEANT3 based simulation models the physical processes involved in the neutrino production, from the interaction of primary beam protons in the T2K target, to the decay of hadrons 3 and muons that produce neutrinos. The simulation uses proton beam monitor measurements as inputs. The modeling of hadronic interactions is re-weighted using thin target hadron production data, including recent charged pion and kaon measurements from the NA61/SHINE experiment. For the first T2K analyses the uncertainties on the flux prediction are evaluated to be below 15% near the flux peak. The uncertainty on the ratio of the flux predictions at the far and near detectors is less than 2% near the flux peak.

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Link to publication Citation for published version (APA):Abreu, P., Boudinov, E., Holthuizen, D. J., Kjaer, N. J., Kluit, P. M., Mulders, M. P., ... van Eldik, J. E. (1997). Search for neutral heavy leptons produced in $Z$ decays. Zeitschrift für Physik. C, Particles and Fields, 74, 57. DOI: 10.1007/s002880050370 General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.Download date: 09 May 2018 Z. Phys. C 74, 57-71 (1997) ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR PHYSIK C Abstract. Weak isosinglet Neutral Heavy Leptons (ν m ) have been searched for using data collected by the DEL-PHI detector corresponding to 3.3 × 10 6 hadronic Z 0 decays at LEP1. Four separate searches have been performed, for short-lived ν m production giving monojet or acollinear jet topologies, and for long-lived ν m giving detectable secondary vertices or calorimeter clusters. No indication of the existence of these particles has been found, leading to an upper limit for the branching ratio BR(Z 0 → ν m ν) of about 1.3 × 10 −6 at 95% confidence level for ν m masses between 3.5 and 50 GeV/c 2 . Outside this range the limit weakens rapidly with the ν m mass. The results are also interpreted in terms of limits for the single production of excited neutrinos.

We report the measurement of muon neutrino charged-current interactions on carbon without pions in the final state at the T2K beam energy using 5.734 × 10 20 protons on target. For the first time the measurement is reported as a flux-integrated, double-differential cross section in muon kinematic variables (cos θ μ , p μ ), without correcting for events where a pion is produced and then absorbed by final state interactions. Two analyses are performed with different selections, background evaluations and cross-section extraction methods to demonstrate the robustness of the results against biases due to model-dependent assumptions. The measurements compare favorably with recent models which include nucleon-nucleon correlations but, given the present precision, the measurement does not distinguish among the available models. The data also agree with Monte Carlo simulations which use effective parameters that are tuned to external data to describe the nuclear effects. The total cross section in the full phase space is σ ¼ ð0.417 AE 0.047ðsystÞ AE 0.005ðstatÞÞ × 10 −38 cm 2 nucleon −1 and the cross section integrated in the region of phase space with largest efficiency and best signal-over-background ratio (cos θ μ > 0.6 and p μ > 200 MeV) is σ ¼ ð0.202 AE 0.036ðsystÞ AE 0.003ðstatÞÞ × 10 −38 cm 2 nucleon −1 .

We present a new measurement of the inclusive and differential production cross sections of J= mesons and b hadrons in proton-antiproton collisions at s p 1960 GeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 39:7 pb ÿ1 collected by the CDF run II detector. We find the integrated cross section for inclusive J= production for all transverse momenta from 0 to 20 GeV=c in the rapidity range jyj < 0:6 to be 4:08 0:02stat 0:36 ÿ0:33 syst b. We separate the fraction of J= events from the decay of the long-lived b hadrons using the lifetime distribution in all events with p T J= > 1:25 GeV=c. We find the total cross section for b hadrons, including both hadrons and antihadrons, decaying to J= with transverse momenta greater than 1:25 GeV=c in the rapidity range jyJ= j < 0:6 is 0:330 0:005stat 0:036 ÿ0:033 syst b. Using a Monte Carlo simulation of the decay kinematics of b hadrons to all final states containing a J= , we extract the first measurement of the total single b-hadron cross section down to zero transverse momentum at s p 1960 GeV. We find the total single b-hadron cross section integrated over all transverse momenta for b hadrons in the rapidity range jyj < 0:6 to be 17:6 0:4stat 2:5 ÿ2:3 syst b.