SummaryBackground: Factors related to socioeconomic status and health care quality and management may influence mortality and morbidity rates due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Objective: To compare mortality and morbidity in patients with AMI hospitalized in public and private hospitals.Methods: An observational study, with comparison groups. Clinical evaluation on admission, and recording of diagnostic, therapeutic and evolution data until discharge or death. Comparison of clinical characteristics by univariate analysis followed by bivariate analysis, evaluating the combination of predictors with death and morbidity (Killip> I), SPSS, version 13.0. Results IntroductionAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the main complication of CAD 1 . The mortality and morbidity from AMI depends on factors related to the severity of the disease and the speed and quality of hospital care. If the patient receives appropriate hospital care within few hours after onset of the symptoms, the mortality worldwide is around 10% 2, similar to that observed in the hospitals of the cities of Rio de Janeiro (10.8%) and Niterói (12.3%) 3,4 . However, this percentage may not reflect the reality when there are factors such as delay between the onset of pain and arrival at the hospital, delay in the start of in-hospital treatment, restrictions on the use of myocardial protection measures, such as primary angioplasty and thrombolytics, and on access to intensive care unit 2,5 . In addition, the social strata of lower income and education show a more serious natural history of CAD, with the possibility of higher mortality and morbidity in the first 28 days post-AMI 6,7 . Although the reasons for this are not well defined, it is noteworthy that public health care units, such as hospitals and health care centers, do not always have a specialized staff for emergency cardiovascular care, there is scarcity of certain drugs, such as thrombolytics, and there are insufficient number of beds in ICU to meet local demand, and these are issues that have an important influence on the prognosis of the disease. Other factors like limited access to a specialized hospital or outpatient care unit of better quality, and limitations on the maintenance of appropriate preventive measures of primary or secondary type have also been considered 5-7 .In Bahia, there are serious limitations on high complexity cardiovascular care in the public system, which needs to be reviewed, aiming at a recasting of the system. The city of Feira de Santana, with 600,000 inhabitants, the largest city of inland Bahia State, has only one public hospital and three private hospitals with intensive care units, where all the cardiological care of the region takes place, creating favorable conditions for the study of these issues. Therefore, the assessment of the mortality and morbidity in the hospital phase of AMI, the coronary risk profile of public and private patients, and the quality of health care in that city can provide relevant data to help correct these serious distortions i...
In many applications in metallography and analysis, many regions need to be considered and not only the current region. In cases where there are analyses with multiple images, the specialist should also evaluate neighboring areas. For example, in metallurgy, welding technology is derived from conventional testing and metallographic analysis. In welding, these tests allow us to know the features of the metal, especially in the Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ); the region most likely for natural metallurgical problems to occur in welding. The expanse of the Heat-Affected Zone exceeds the size of the area observed through a microscope and typically requires multiple images to be mounted on a larger picture surface to allow for the study of the entire heat affected zone. This image stitching process is performed manually and is subject to all the inherent flaws of the human being due to results of fatigue and distraction. The analyzing of grain growth is also necessary in the examination of multiple regions, although not necessarily neighboring regions, but this analysis would be a useful tool to aid a specialist. In areas such as microscopic metallography, which study metallurgical products with the aid of a microscope, the assembly of mosaics is done manually, which consumes a lot of time and is also subject to failures due to human limitations. The mosaic technique is used in the construct of environment or scenes with corresponding characteristics between themselves. Through several small images, and with corresponding characteristics between themselves, a new model is generated in a larger size. This article proposes the use of Digital Image Processing for the automatization of the construction of these mosaics in metallographic images. The use of this proposed method is meant to significantly reduce the time required to build the mosaic and reduce the possibility of failures in assembling the final image; therefore increasing efficiency in obtaining results and expediting the decision making process. Two different methods are proposed: One using the transformed Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), and the second using features extractor Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF). Although slower, the SIFT method is more stable and has a better performance than the SURF method and can be applied to real applications. The best results were obtained using SIFT with Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio = 61.38, Mean squared error = 0.048 and mean-structural-similarity = 0.999, and processing time of 4.91 seconds for mosaic building. The methodology proposed shows be more promissory in aiding specialists during analysis of metallographic images.
The phenomenological theory of martensitic transformation was applied to a tension induced martensitic transformation in an AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel in order to estimate the transformation texture. Input data were obtained from the published literature. Calculated pole figures were constructed assuming a variant selection process based on Patel and Cohen's theory, which emphasises that a mechanical component of free energy is the driving force for martensitic transformation at temperatures above martensite start Ms. The results showed a remarkably good match between the calculated and published measured data.
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