Energy efficiency, advanced controls and renewable energy systems for operating industrial, residential and tertiary sector buildings designed to be Near-Zero Energy are investigated to explore the performance gap. The analysis involves a comparison of energy dynamic and quasi-dynamic models with data from smart monitoring systems, indoor and outdoor environment measurements, power consumption and production data. Specific issues and conclusions have been drawn as the basis for addressing the performance gap between energy efficiency prediction in the design phase and measurements' evaluation in operational phase.
Smart grids are one of the major challenges of the energy sector for both the energy demand and energy supply in smart communities and cities. Grid connected energy storage systems are regarded as promising solutions for providing ancillary services to electricity networks and to play an important role in the development of smart grids. The aim of the present article is to analyze the role of storage systems in the development of smart grids. The article includes an analysis and a list of energy storage systems that are applied in smart grids. Various energy storage systems are examined raging from electrical, electrochemical, thermal, and mechanical systems. Two case studies are presented that show the role of energy storage in effective management of energy demand and supply.
A facility for testing different components for HCPV application has been developed in the framework of\ud
“Fotovoltaico ad Alta Efficienza” (FAE) project funded by the Sicilian Regional Authority (PO FESR Sicilia 2007/2013\ud
4.1.1.1). The testing facility is equipped with an heliostat providing a wide solar beam inside the lab, an optical bench\ud
for mounting and aligning the HCPV components, electronic equipments to characterize the I-V curves of multijunction\ud
cells operated up to 2000 suns, a system to circulate a fluid in the heat sink at controlled temperature and flow-rate, a\ud
data logging system with sensors to measure temperatures in several locations and fluid pressures at the inlet and outlet\ud
of the heat sink, and a climatic chamber with large test volume to test assembled HCPV modules
Design and production of a 2.5 kWe insulated metal substrate-based densely packed CPV assembly AIP Conference Proceedings 1616, 196 (2014) Abstract. In the framework of the FAE "Fotovoltaico ad Alta Efficienza" ("High Efficiency Photovoltaic") Research Project (PO FESR Sicilia 2007/2013 4.1.1.1), we have performed electrical and optical characterizations of commercial InGaP/InGaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cells (1 cm 2 ) mounted on a prototype HCPV module, installed in Palermo (Italy). This system uses a reflective optics based on rectangular off-axis parabolic mirror with aperture 45x45 cm 2 leading to a geometrical concentration ratio of 2025. In this study, we report the I-V curve measured under incident power of about 700 W/m 2 resulting in an electrical power at maximum point (P MP ) of 41.4 W. We also investigated the optical properties by the electroluminescence (EL) spectra of the top (InGaP) and middle (InGaAs) subcells. From the analysis of the experimental data we extracted the bandgap energies of these III-V semiconductors in the range 305÷385 K.
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