Supported
nonprecious metal nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted
considerable interest for their low cost and excellent properties.
However, immobilizing them with good dispersion on supports is still
a great challenge. Herein, we report a one-pot Stöber method
to prepare a high coverage of nickel (Ni) NPs anchored to a resorcinol–formaldehyde
(RF)-derived graphic carbon layer on silica. By simple removal of
the Ni NPs and silica cores, highly desired hollow graphitic carbon
spheres with distinctive properties can be fabricated. Notably, nickel
ions not only boost the polymerization of RF-Ni2+ but also
control nickel-induced carbon graphitization when Ni NPs are generated
from the nickel ions. Meanwhile, the RF-Ni2+ polymer can
be finely covered on various supports, including MnO2 nanowires,
graphene oxide, and carbon nanofibers, and can easily result in well-dispersed
Ni NPs on these supports. Moreover, resorcinol can be replaced by
similar chemicals like 3-aminophenol, melamine, and 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic
acid to synthesize various polymers, greatly expanding the versatility
of this method. Additionally, by a change of the molar ratio of resorcinol
to nickel ion or control of the annealing temperature, the coverage
and size of Ni NPs could be finely adjusted. Because of the high coverage
of Ni NPs with good dispersion, the resultant SiO2@C-Ni
hybrids display excellent performance in both the reduction of 4-nitrophenol
and adsorption on histidine-rich proteins.
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