Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) is an efficient, cost effective, fast, simple and ecofriendly method for the recovery of biomolecules. In the present study, an ATPS composed of polyethylene glycol and ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4 was used for the partial purification of proteases from microbial source. The effects of different parameters such as molecular weight of PEG (4000, 6000 and 10000), concentration of PEG (15, 17.5 and 20 %) and concentration of (NH4)2SO4 (7.5, 8.3, 9.1 and 9.9 %) on the partitioning behavior of proteases at room temperature were investigated. Generally, increasing the concentration of PEG and (NH4)2SO4 moved the protease to the top i.e., polymer-rich phase. Increasing the molecular weight of PEG from 4000 to 10000 the partition coefficient decreased subsequently. The highest partition coefficient i.e., 3.32 and maximum activity i.e., 16.06 soxhlet unit was found in an optimum system composed of 20 % PEG 4000 and 9.9 % (NH4)2SO4.
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The growth behavior of apple cultivars on apple rootstocks was investigated at Agricultural Research Institute (ARI) Swat during 2012. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors factorial arrangements having rootstocks (MM111, MM106, M26, M9 and Crab Apple) and apple cultivars (Treco Gala, Spartan, Mondial Gala, Royal Gala and Gala Must) replicated three times. Apple cultivar Gala Must significantly (P>0.05) showed maximum leaf area (33.62cm 2 ) and root length (10.49 cm), while cultivar Treco Gala showed earliest sprouting (44.93 days) and maximum number of branches (1.60) plant -1 . On the other hand rootstocks significantly (P>0.05) effected different parameters. Rootstock Crab Apple showed maximum leaf area (27.81cm 2 ) and root length (18.87 cm). While early sprouting (43.60days) and maximum number of branches (1.53) plant -1 was recorded on rootstock MM106 and M26 respectively. Significant interaction was observed between rootstocks and cultivars for some of the growth parameters however greater leaf area (40.8 cm 2 ) and root length (20.1 cm) was recorded in cultivar Gala Must grafted on apple rootstock Crab Apple, while maximum number of shoots (1.79) plant -1 was noted in cultivar Treco Gala grafted on rootstock M-26. Crab apple rootstock and cultivar Gala Must showed best result in most growth parameters and thus is recommended for better growth of apple plants.
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