Setting. The study was undertaken at the Department of Pulmonology at a public, tertiary care centre in Karachi, Pakistan. Objectives. To evaluate factors concerned with in-hospital deaths in patients admitted with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Design. A retrospective case-control audit was performed for 120 patients hospitalised with pulmonary TB. Sixty of those discharged after treatment were compared to sixty who did not survive. Radiological findings, clinical indicators, and laboratory values were compared between the two groups to identify factors related to poor prognosis. Results. Factors concerned with in-hospital mortality listed late presentation of disease (P < 0.01), noncompliance to antituberculosis therapy (P < 0.01), smoking (P < 0.01), longer duration of illness prior to treatment (P < 0.01), and low body weight (P < 0.01). Most deaths occurred during the first week of admission (P < 0.01) indicating late referrals as significant. Immunocompromised status and multi-drug resistance were not implicated in higher mortality. Conclusions. Poor prognosis was associated with noncompliance to therapy resulting in longer duration of illness, late patient referrals to care centres, and development of complications. Early diagnosis, timely referrals, and monitored compliance may help reduce mortality. Adherence to a more radically effective treatment regimen is required to eliminate TB early during disease onset.
Patient: Male, 29Final Diagnosis: MyopericarditisSymptoms: Chest painMedication: IbuprofenClinical Procedure: —Specialty: CardiologyObjective:Unusual clinical courseBackground:Cannabis is the most commonly used illegal substance worldwide and its consumption portends significant side effects. Nowadays, in order to increase its psychotropic effect, various substances are being added constantly to it to promote its potency that might hold toxic effects to different organs including the heart and might lead to other unreported complications such as myopericarditis. Herein, we are presenting a unique case of recurrent myopericarditis after the consumption of contaminated marijuana, an association that has not been reported in literature before.Case Report:A 29-year-old man presented to our institution with pressure-like left-sided chest pain that is aggravated by cough and deep inspiration and relieved by sitting and leaning forward. Examination revealed pericardial rub and workup showed elevated white blood cell count, C-reactive protein and troponin I level of 2.99 ng/ml. ECG upon admission showed ST-segment elevation in the inferior leads with PR-segment depression. Echocardiogram revealed only concentric hypertrophy. Patient was admitted to another institution with similar symptoms 2 months earlier. Patient admitted to using adulterated Marijuana on both occasions prior to hospitalization. Review of medical records from the outside hospital revealed similar ECG and laboratory findings. Treatment with Ibuprofen resulted in resolution of patient’s symptoms and ECG abnormalities.Conclusions:Recurrent myopericarditis in our patient is likely the result of consumption of contaminated Marijuana. Careful history taking in patients presenting with myopericarditis is crucial as it might be the causal link.
Patient: Male, 31Final Diagnosis: MyopericarditisSymptoms: Abdominal pain • diarrheaMedication: —Clinical Procedure: —Specialty: CardiologyObjective:Unusual setting of medical careBackground:Myopericarditis is a condition involving inflammation of the pericardium and myocardium. It has been reported in conjunction with inflammatory bowel disease as well as infectious colitis caused by a cardiotropic organism. The etiology of myopericarditis includes a long list of infectious causes (especially viral), toxic causes, autoimmune disorders, and vasculitides.Case Report:A 31-year-old previously healthy Hispanic man complained of sudden onset of watery, non-bloody diarrhea associated with mucus and crampy abdominal pain. ECG showed ST-segment elevation in the infero-lateral leads, with elevated troponin I level. Urgent cardiac catheterization revealed normal coronary arteries and the patient was diagnosed with myopericarditis. The echocardiogram results were within normal limits, with 65% ejection fraction and no evidence of wall motion abnormalities. Colonoscopy showed macroscopically congested mucosa in the descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum, with scattered petechiae indicative of nonspecific colitis. Microscopic examination of obtained biopsies revealed evidence of acute mucosal inflammation without ulceration, granulomas or ischemia. The patient was started on Naproxen 250 mg twice daily and chest pain started to improve gradually. The patient was discharged on Naproxen and was followed up in clinic 2 weeks after discharge, where he was found to be completely asymptomatic, with troponin level <0.015 ng/ml.Conclusions:Myopericarditis is a challenging diagnosis that has been reported in association with colitis, either as an extraintestinal manifestation of IBD or due to infectious colitis with a cardiotropic organism.
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