Organic and non-organic soybean flours, although visually indifferent, have a significant difference in price and nutrition content. Therefore, the accurate authentication detection of organic soybean flour is necessary. Visible-near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy coupled with chemometric methods is a non-destructive technique applied to detect authentic or adulterated organic soybean flour. The spectra of organic, adulterated organic, and non-organic soybean flours were captured using a Vis-NIR spectrometer at 350–1000 nm. The spectra were analyzed using partial least squares (PLS), principal component analysis (PCA), and the combination of these two with discriminant analysis (DA). The results showed that PCA using PC1 and PC2 could differentiate organic and non-organic soybean flours, whereas PC1 and PC4 can detect pure and adulterated organic soybean flours. The PCA–linear DA models showed 98.5% accuracy (Acc) for predicting pure organic and adulterated soybean flours and 100% Acc for predicting organic and non-organic flours. Moreover, PLS regression models resulted in a high R² of >95% for predicting organic and non-organic flours and pure and adulterated soybean flours. In addition, the PLS-DA models can differentiate organic from non-organic soybean flour and distinguish pure and adulterated soybean flours with 100% Acc and reliability.
Optimum harvest time and yield gap information are important aspects of grain quality optimization and production development. The World Food Studies (WOFOST) crop simulation model was studied in its application for soybean optimum harvest time and yield gap analysis in East Java, Indonesia. Data inputs were local weather of solar irradiance and daily temperature, with given soybean varieties provided in the WOFOST simulation. The simulation result was validated with the actual data using homogeneity test of regression coefficient. Result showed that differences between simulation and actual yield were insignificant (α=0.05), for each tested locations and soybean varieties. The average potential yield was 1,716 kg ha -1 , where the highest was obtained from S-France 904 variety located in Malang Regency. The optimum root mean square error was 49.42 kg ha -1 with correlation coefficient of 0.918. Meanwhile, the optimum harvest time and yield gap have corresponded to the actual data where harvest time was at the shortest in Blitar Regency using N-France 901 and N Spain 903 varieties, while the average yield gap was 33%. In conclusion, WOFOST simulation model has a prospect to be applied further using local soybean varieties followed by validation in the whole East Java region.
Penggunaan pengering bertenaga hybrid memiliki keunggulan dapat memanfaatkan tenaga matahari dan biomasa sehingga dapat digunakan pada kondisi cuaca kurang baik, diantaranya untuk pengeringan sawut ubi kayu terfermentasi. Tujuan penelitian ini mengevaluasi keragaan Pengering Hybrid Energi Surya dan Biomasa arang kayu (PHESB) untuk mengeringkan sawut ubi kayu terfermentasi. Keragaan PHESB dievaluasi menggunakan model linier dan exponensial untuk menentukan laju pengeringan (% bb/jam), kapasitas pengeringan (kg/jam), dan kelayakan finansial penerapannya. Mutu hasil pengeringan dianalisis dengan uji homogenitas koefisien regresi (laju pengeringan) dari model pengeringan yang mempunyai tingkat koefisien derterminasi (R2) terbesar dari pengamatan kadar air sawut dalam arah tegak (atas, tengah, bawah) dan mendatar (depan, tengah, belakang). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kadar air awal sawut ubi kayu 71,45% bb dan rata-rata suhu pengeringan 40,51 + 3,61 oC, penurunan kadar air sawut ubi kayu mengikuti model linier dengan R2 dari 0,969 sampai 0,984 dengan laju pengeringan homogen baik dalam arah tegak maupun mendatar. Karakteristik PHESB dapat dinyatakan dengan model linier y =-5,081x +78,30 (R2=0,978). Dengan model ini diperoleh kapasitas pengeringan 20,86 kg/jam untuk mencapai kadar air sawut ubi kayu 14% bb. Dengan harga alat pengering Rp. 40 juta/unit dan ongkos jasa pengeringan sawut ubi kayu basah Rp 600/kg diperoleh nisbah keuntungan dengan biaya pengeringan (B/C)<1,0. Secara teknis PHESB layak digunakan, tetapi secara finansial masih belum layak diterapkan dalam bentuk penjualan jasa pengering sawut ubi kayu.
The increment of soybean consumption demands product diversification. One example of soybean-based product is extracted soybean in the form of soymilk, which has the following weaknesses: short shelf life, unpleasant aroma, and impractical processing. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the processing of instant soymilk compared with its brewed solutions using hot and cold water. This experiment will use a completely randomized block design with two factors: the soybean variety ( i.e., Kaba, Burangrang, Anjasmoro, and Argomulyo) and the time to oven of 20 and 30 minutes. The soybean's physical characteristics that will be observed include width, length, thickness, volume, and weight per 100 beans, whereas the powder characteristics shall include yield, moisture, protein content, and degree of lightness. In addition, the characteristics of brewed solutions will be measured using an organoleptical test. The results show that the Argomulyo variety has the biggest size among others, and the Anjasmoro variety contains the highest protein content (38.05%), whereas the Kaba variety has the lowest starch content (4.15%). The best instant soybean powder was the Anjasmoro variety with a time to oven of 20 minutes and the highest protein content (7.88%), where the value of lightness L = 83.4; a = 3.40, and b = 17.95. Moreover, the organoleptical test result for powder color scored 4.16, and the unfavorable aroma was 3.37, whereas the solutions' color was 3.74; favorable aroma was 2.16; taste was 2.11; while the overall preference was 2.26.
<p align="center"><strong> </strong></p>Model simulasi swasembada kedelai berbasis web yang mudah diakses dan dioperasikan perlu dikembangkan agar informasi yang diperlukan dalam proses pengambilan keputusan tersedia dengan cepat. Laboratorium Dinamika Sistem Balitkabi sejak Januari hingga Februari 2018 telah mengembangkan model simulasi swasembada kedelai berbasis web yaitu SIWAKA.INS yang merupakan pengembangan dari skrip program simulasi SIWAKA.SIM, yang dikembangkan menggunakan program simulasi open source Insightmaker.com. Tujuan penelitian adalah melakukan validasi model simulasi swasembada kedelai SIWAKA.INS. Hasil validasi menunjukkan bahwa model simulasi SIWAKA.INS cukup layak untuk diterapkan dalam memperkirakan tercapainya swasembada kedelai nasional dengan nilai R2=1 dan RMSE=4,88e-14 t. Hasil simulasi SIWAKA.INS menggunakan input model perluasan areal (PPA) 9,0%/tahun, peningkatan produktivitas (LAJUY) 9,5%/tahun, kehilangan hasil pascapanen (KHKDL) 7,5%/tahun, kenaikan penduduk (KB) 1,5%/tahun, dan peningkatan konsumsi kedelai (LAJUK) 1,0%/tahun, menunjukkan bahwa swasembada kedelai dapat tercapai pada tahun 2020-2045. Untuk periode tahun 2020-2024, simulasi tingkat swasembada kedelai mencapai 0,09-1,26 juta t, pada tingkat hasil kedelai 1,66-1,80 t/ha dan luas areal kedelai 1,66-2,35 juta ha. SIWAKA.INS bersifat open source dan dapat diakses di https://Insightmaker.com/insight/65139/SIWAKA-INS.<br /><br /><br />
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