Background: The Moyers and Tanaka-Johnston analyses, both of which were developed through research into the Nordic-Caucasoid population, constitute the most widely used non-radiographic mixed dentition analyses. Application of these prediction methods to other populations has been extensively investigated, although their suitability to the Arab population resident in Indonesia has rarely been studied. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the reliability of Moyers and Tanaka-Johnston analyses of the Arab population of Pekalongan, a city in Central Java, Indonesia. Methods: This research constituted an observational study incorporating a cross-sectional design of 33 subjects who willingly signed an informed consent form. Their actual tooth size was determined in accordance with the inclusion criteria and then compared with the predictive tooth size values of the Moyers and Tanaka-Johnston analyses. Results: Comparison of mean values indicated that the predictive values of Moyers 75% (YM) and Tanaka-Johnston (YT) were higher than the actual value (Y). The reliability test result confirmed a value of k = 0.026 for the Y-YM ratio; and k = 0.025 for YT-Y ratio. The calculation results for the mandible indicated a k-value of 0.000 for both types of comparisons between YM-Y and YT-Y. The Moyers 75% prediction for maxilla had a higher reliability value than that of Tanaka-Johnston. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test applied to Y, YM, and YT in the maxilla and mandible indicated that data was normally distributed (sig > 0.05). A Levene's test of homogeneity was conducted and produced homogeneous data (sig > 0.05) with values of 0.333 for Y, 0.516 for YM, and 1.000 for YT. An ANOVA test showed Y-YM and Y-YT to have insignificant differences (p<0.05). This result caused comparative tests to determine both analysis eminence in predicting canine and premolar values according to the study sample not conducted. Conclusion: The Moyers 75% and Tanaka-Johnston analyses were reliable because the values produced differed slightly from the actual values. This study concluded that Moyers and Tanaka-Johnston analyses remain valid means of calculating mixed dentitions.
Research on the impacts of the 'requirement system' on student learning is still rare, however the system is still widely applied by Dental Schools in many countries. The major consequent of this system is the unpreparedness of students' learning prior to presenting patients with particular complaints. Objective: This study aimed to explore the effect of the 'requirement system' on students' learning strategy in Dental Education University of Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Indonesia. Methods: This was a qualitative-phenomenography study. The collection of data was through observations and interviews. The number of subjects was 13 students of the same batch in a clinical education level, determined by purposive sampling. Observations by 2 clinical teachers were done in advance and lasted for six weeks, followed by in-depth interviews. The analysis followed the phenomenography method. Results: Interviews revealed that application of the 'requirement system' had prompted the students to get the patients and to learn or not learn correspondingly to the specified cases. Students will have adequate preparation to learn if they are motivated to discuss with the teachers, having previous experiences, and if the patient is perceived to be special. Inadequate preparation of learning occurred when students felt tired, insufficient time between patients' arrival and presentation in front of clinical teachers, and repetition of the case. Observations revealed that preparation for learning did not consequently lead to students' performance in doing clinical work. 'Well-done' up to 'less than expected' performances were found in both single-cases as well repetition-cases. Conclusion: 'Requirement system' driven students' preparation for learning. However, number of cases did not. Modifying the 'requirement system' and improving the quality of clinical supervision are two important things suggested by this study.
Background: Impacted maxillary anterior teeth are a problem that has a significant impact on the aesthetics of the smile, dental arches, and occlusion. Teeth that have higher tendencies to get impacted are third molars, maxillary central incisors, maxillary canines, and mandibular premolars. Impacted teeth with severe root dilacerations are usually extracted surgically, then the space will be closed by orthodontic treatment or using a prosthesis. Purpose: This study aims to report the successful orthodontic traction of mesially 90° dilacerated root of impacted maxillary canine. Case: A 15-year-old female patient with the chief complaint of an unerupted left maxillary canine. Intraoral examination showed a class I molar relationship on both sides, a unilateral crossbite on the right side, 8 mm spacing between the maxillary left lateral incisor and the premolar. Also, mild crowding was found on both upper and lower anterior segments. CBCT results showed a left maxillary canine was palatally semi-vertical impacted and had a mesially 90° dilacerated root. A significant stress concentration occurred at the middle and apical of the dilacerated root apex when exposed to orthodontic force; this tends to be a higher potential for resorption. Case Management: The impacted dilacerated canine was successfully moved to the proper position by combining crown exposure surgery, orthodontic traction using continuous light force, and gingivectomy. Furthermore, traction was held using a gold chain combined with an elastic thread tied initially to a modified stainless-steel main archwire; this was followed by piggyback tandem wire and a vertical 3/16” light elastic traction. Conclusion: The patient showed successful traction of the canine in less than six months. In addition, the unilateral posterior crossbite was corrected and functional occlusion was achieved. That canine showed good orthodontic and periodontal stability at one-year follow-up, without any evidence of root resorption.
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