The photophysical properties of the triple-stranded dimetallic helicates [Ln 2 (L C -2H) 3 ]‚H 2 O (Ln ) Nd, Sm, Dy, Yb) are determined in water and D 2 O solutions, and energy transfer processes are modeled for Sm III . The luminescence of Nd III , Sm III , and Yb III is sensitized by (L C -2H) 2-, but the energy transfer from the ligand to the Ln III ions is not complete, resulting in residual ligand emission. The luminescence of the Nd III helicate is very weak due to nonradiative de-excitation processes. On the other hand, the Yb III and Sm III helicates exhibit fair quantum yields, 1.8% and 1.1% in deuterated water, respectively. The energy transfer rates between (L C -2H) 2-and Sm III levels are calculated by direct and exchange Coulomb interaction models. This theoretical modeling coupled to numerical solutions of the rate equations leads to an estimate of the emission quantum yields in H 2 O and D 2 O, which compares favorably with experimental data. The main component of the ligandto-metal energy transfer (97.5%) goes through a 3 ππ* f 5 G 5/2 (1) path, and the operative mechanism is of the exchange type. For the Yb III helicate, minor effects of oxygen on the sensitization of Yb III and nanosecond time-resolved spectroscopy point to the energy transfer mechanism being consistent with a recently proposed pathway involving fast electron transfer and Yb II . No up-conversion process could be identified. Ligand-field splitting of the 2 F 5/2 (3E 1/2 + E 3/2 ) and 2 F 7/2 (2E 1/2 + E 3/2 ) levels of Yb III is consistent with D 3 symmetry.
A detailed photophysical study of [Eu within (biqO2.2.2)(CF3SO3)](CF3SO3)2. CH3CN.H2O (Eu within 1) and two other types of cryptates incorporating three 3,3'-biisoquinoline-2,2'-dioxide units has been performed. Structural crystallographic data of Eu within 1, electronic structure calculations and theoretical models were used to obtain the intramolecular energy transfer rates and the appropriate set of rate equations, which was solved numerically. Quantum yields and decay lifetimes were obtained from these results and compared to the experimental data. The role of the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) states was ascertained. A theoretical ligand field and intensity analysis was carried out and the results agree very well with the emission spectra. The molecular structures of the lanthanide cryptates were successfully modelled by the YIII ion using the restricted Hartree-Fock (RHF) method, with the advantage of dealing with closed-shell systems. These molecular structures were used to explain the drastic differences in the photophysics of the three EuIII cryptates.
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