Objective: To demonstrate response to antimalarial agents in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) using activity scores from the Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index, a validated outcome measure.

Granuloma annulare is a common condition with no known cause.Often, people with granuloma annulare have a few red rings (usually with normal-appearing skin in the center) that can show up anywhere on the body but usually appear on the hands and feet. It often is not associated with any symptoms but can be itchy or painful.

To investigate cigarette smoking in cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE).

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