Genomic and pedigree predictions for grain yield and agronomic traits were carried out using high density molecular data on a set of 803 spring wheat lines that were evaluated in 5 sites characterized by several environmental co-variables. Seven statistical models were tested using two random cross-validations schemes. Two other prediction problems were studied, namely predicting the lines’ performance at one site with another (pairwise-site) and at untested sites (leave-one-site-out). Grain yield ranged from 3.7 to 9.0 t ha−1 across sites. The best predictability was observed when genotypic and pedigree data were included in the models and their interaction with sites and the environmental co-variables. The leave-one-site-out increased average prediction accuracy over pairwise-site for all the traits, specifically from 0.27 to 0.36 for grain yield. Days to anthesis, maturity, and plant height predictions had high heritability and gave the highest accuracy for prediction models. Genomic and pedigree models coupled with environmental co-variables gave high prediction accuracy due to high genetic correlation between sites. This study provides an example of model prediction considering climate data along-with genomic and pedigree information. Such comprehensive models can be used to achieve rapid enhancement of wheat yield enhancement in current and future climate change scenario.

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Currently accepted pedotransfer functions show negligible effect of managementinduced changes to soil organic carbon (SOC) on plant available water holding capacity (θ AWHC ), while some studies show the ability to substantially increase θ AWHC through management. The Soil Health Institute's North America Project to Evaluate Soil Health Measurements measured water content at field capacity using intact soil cores across 124 long-term research sites that contained increases in SOC as a result of management treatments such as reduced tillage and cover cropping. Pedotransfer functions were created for volumetric water content at field capacity (θ FC ) and permanent wilting point (θ PWP ). New pedotransfer functions had predictions of θ AWHC that were similarly accurate compared with Saxton and Rawls when tested on samples from the National Soil Characterization database. Further, the new pedotransfer functions showed substantial effects of soil calcareousness and SOC on θ AWHC . For an increase in SOC of 10 g kg -1 (1%) in noncalcareous soils, an average increase in θ AWHC of 3.0 mm 100 mm -1 soil (0.03 m 3 m -3 ) on average across all soil texture classes was found. This SOC related increase in θ AWHC is about double previous estimates. Calcareous soils had an increase in θ AWHC of 1.2 mm 100 mm -1 soil associated with a 10 g kg -1 increase in SOC, across all soil texture classes. New equations can aid in quantifying benefits of soil management practices that increase SOC and can be used to model the effect of changes in management on drought resilience.

Nana F2007 fue desarrollada por el Programa Nacional de Trigo de Temporal del INIFAP y fue evaluada de 2005 a 2012. Esta variedad es de hábito de crecimiento de primavera, con porte semi-erecto al amacollamiento y con tallos tolerantes al acame, con una altura promedio de 84 cm en promedio. Se clasifica como una variedad de ciclo precoz, 85 días hasta 134 días a madurez en los ambientes de sequía a lluviosos, semejante a Gálvez M87, Náhuatl F2000 y Tlaxcala F2000. Se clasificó como moderadamente resistente a roya de la hoja (Puccinia triticina) y roya amarilla (P. striiformis f. sp. tritici). El rendimiento en ambientes críticos (menos de 300 mm), en ambientes intermedios (300 a 600 mm) y ambientes favorables (más de 600 mm) fue superior al de todas las variedades testigo desde 10% hasta 25%. Esta variedad se clasifica como genotipo de grano rojo, mediano y semi-duro (índice de perlado= 45%), con peso hectolítrico promedio de 77 kg hL-1, comparable con Rebeca F2000 y Tlaxcala F2000. El contenido de proteína en la harina fue de 11.4%, lo cual cumple con los estándares de la industria harinera nacional (11.0% +/- 1.5%). Se clasifica como variedad de gluten fuerte, extensible y con buen volumen de pan. Se recomienda para su siembra en todas las áreas productoras de trigo de temporal en siembras tempranas a tardías.