The purpose of this review was to provide an update of research findings on employers' attitudes toward workers with disabilities. Fifteen studies published in the last decade were examined. It was found that employers showed positive general attitudes toward workers with disabilities, but had some reservations toward hiring workers with certain types of disabilities. Positive past experiences with individuals with disabilities were associated with more willingness to hire and retain employees with disabilities. However, fewer concerns were identified in this review than previous reviews.

The excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) of 2-(2‘-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole (HBI) has been studied using absorbance, steady-state, and time-resolved emission spectroscopies in cyclodextrins (β-, γ-, and 2,6-di-O-methyl-β-cyclodextrins) and in binary aqueous solvent mixtures. The spectral characteristics of HBI in cyclodextrins and binary solvent mixtures (dioxane:water, MeOH:water, and solutions of cyclohexane containing MeOH and trifluoroethanol) are compared to further study the effects of various microenvironments on the ground and excited-state properties of the molecule. The intermolecular interactions of HBI with cyclodextrins and various solvents appear to weaken intramolecular hydrogen bonding in HBI and facilitate the formation of strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds with the various cyclodextrins and solvent molecules. The acquired data are used to suggest the formation of a zwitterionic structure of HBI in cyclodextrins.

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The effects of α-, β- , γ-, and 2,6-di-O-methyl-β-cyclodextrins (CDs) on the ground- and excited-state properties of 2-(2‘-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole, 2-(2‘-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole, and 2-(2‘-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole in aqueous media are investigated. Steady-state fluorescence measurements are used to characterize the interaction of CDs with these azoles. Absorbance measurements indicate increased solubility of the azoles in aqueous solutions of CDs. Measurements of acidity constants (pK a) and data from induced circular dichroism indicate increased ground- and excited-state acidities of the phenolic protons of the molecules in the presence of CDs and axial orientation of the molecules within the CD cavity, respectively. The data further suggest a planar stucture for HBO and a twisted confirmation for both HBT and HBI. The association constants of the inclusion complexes have also been estimated. These studies are further supplemented by comparative spectroscopic studies of 2-(2‘-methoxyphenyl)benzothiazole in aqueous solutions of CDs. On the basis of the spectral data acquired, it is believed that the HBA molecules exist as zwitterionic tautomers in the presence of CDs.