Introduction: Youth mental health issues are a growing public health concern. Resilience has been identified as a mitigating factor for adverse mental health outcomes. Schools have shown an increasing interest in strategies to support students’ mental health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a school-based 1:1 health coaching program designed to build resilience by teaching students coping skills and strategies to increase their self-efficacy. Study Design: Single group intervention study with pre/post measures. Setting/Participants: Sixth grade students (aged 11-12 years) attending an urban middle school. Intervention: Youth participated in up to 6 resiliency-focused, 1:1 health coaching sessions completed over 8 weeks and conducted during the school day. Health coaches utilized motivational interviewing techniques to set and work toward resilience-related goals focused on improving coping skills and self-efficacy with youth during the intervention (January through March 2020). Main Outcome Measures: The Child and Youth Resilience Measure-Revised and other mental health assessments were completed at baseline and immediately following completion of the intervention to evaluate outcomes. Paired sample t-tests and Hedges’ g effect sizes were conducted to evaluate intervention effectiveness. Student participation rates were assessed throughout the intervention. Results: 287 youth participated in the study (87% participation rate) and participated in over 85% of health coaching sessions offered. A paired samples t-test revealed the youth resilience significantly increased from pre ( M = 75.7, SD = 6.9) to post ( M = 77.6, SD = 6.8) intervention ( t[257] = 3.73, p < .001) and the size of the effect was medium ( g = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.11, 0.46). Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that health coaching can be an effective strategy for improving resiliency in youth. Future studies evaluating how to effectively disseminate this intervention strategy are planned.
Background There is a growing prevalence of mental health disorders among youth. Helping youth develop skills that promote and support mental well-being is an important strategy for addressing this public health concern. Building Resilience for Healthy Kids (Healthy Kids) is a school-based program designed to improve resiliency in youth aged 9–13 years old using an innovative health coaching framework. Methods Healthy Kids is a multi-phased intervention that aims to improve youth resilience using a 6-week, 1:1 health coaching program. The program develops youth resilience and was derived from models for developing youth resilience: Positive Relationships, Coping, Skill Development, Healthy Lifestyle, Sense of Culture, and Connectedness. Effectiveness of the intervention will be evaluated using a single-group, pragmatic trial design with pretest-posttest and follow-up assessments up to 12 months. Process measures will evaluate youth's acceptance and satisfaction of the program and attendance rates. Effectiveness will be evaluated by examining changes in resilience and mental health indicators from pre-to-post program and tracking sustainment of changes in mental health indicators over time. Discussion Given the pragmatic nature of the study design to work with generally healthy populations of students, we expect small, but sustainable, improvements in youth resilience to be achieved through the intervention. Further, this study will provide insight into the potential effectiveness of using health coaching as a strategy to support and promote youth mental well-being in school settings. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04202913. Registered December 18, 2019.
Objective In response to the rise in mental health needs among youth, a school-based resilience intervention was implemented for sixth graders at an urban middle school. The goal of this analysis is to examine improvements in key mental health parameters among students who endorsed negative affectivity at baseline. Method A total of 285 11–12-year-olds (72% white, 18% Hispanic, 55% female) participated in a single-arm, non-randomized 6-week 1:1 school-based coaching intervention, Healthy Kids. Youth completed validated surveys at baseline and 6-week follow-up assessing depression/anxiety symptoms, bullying, self-efficacy, academic pressure, grit, and resilience. Participants were determined to have elevated negative affectivity if they reported mild-to-severe symptoms for both depression and anxiety symptoms. General linear models examined differences between groups for each mental health parameter, as well as change in outcomes from baseline to follow-up. Results A third of participants (38%) at baseline endorsed negative affectivity. Youth who endorsed negative affectivity were more often female (71% vs 29%; p < 0.001) and identified as victims of cyberbullying (25% vs 8%; p < 0.001). Youth with baseline negative affectivity scored lower for self-efficacy (total 70.5 vs 86.8; p < 0.0001). Baseline negative affectivity was a significant moderator for change in mental health parameters. Post-intervention, those who endorsed baseline negative affectivity, medium effect sizes were observed for self-efficacy ( g = 0.6; 95%CI 0.3, 0.9; p < 0.001) and anxiety symptoms ( g = − 0.70; 95%CI − 1.0, − 0.4; p < 0.001). Among all youth, there were significant medium intervention effects in resilience ( g = 0.5; 95%CI 0.3, 0.7; p < 0.001) and self-efficacy ( g = 0.7; 95%CI 0.4, 0.9; p < 0.001). Conclusions A universal resiliency program may improve self-efficacy and symptoms of anxiety among youth experiencing negative affectivity, while improving resilience and self-efficacy among all youth. Our findings suggest a universal school-based coaching program benefits all youth, while also specifically targeting the needs of youth with negative affectivity who are most at risk for mental health concerns.
This study investigated the effects of Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility (CSER) advertising, and programme-advertisement congruency, on advertising effectiveness.In a between-subjects design, participants (N = 128) viewed either three CSER or three neutral advertisements for the same brands embedded in either a 'sustainable' or 'neutral' programme.Measures of memory for advertising (free recall, cued recall, and brand recognition), and buying intention were obtained. The percentage recall and buying intention scores were significantly higher for CSER than neutral advertisements, but there was no effect on brand recognition. There were no significant effects of programme type nor significant interactions between programme and advertisement types found. The effectiveness of CSER advertising as measured by free recall was found to vary as a function of the brand being advertised, which was attributed to differences in the type of message being carried by the advertisement. CSER ADVERTISING EFFECTIVENESS 2Given companies large investments in advertising (Guttmann, 2019) and the large amount of advertising the public are exposed to, predicted as between 4,000 and 10,000 advertisements a day (Marshall, 2015), it is crucial for advertisers to understand how to make their advertisements interesting, relevant and memorable so they serve their commercial purpose (Bushman, 2007). The literature, indicates that the content of advertisements, and the emotions they elicit, effects advertisement memorability, which is regarded as a good measure of advertisement effectiveness, as consumers who remember advertisements have a higher likelihood of purchasing products (Gunter, 2000). In this study we assess free recall, cued recall and brand recognition as independent, but related, measures of advertisement memorability.This study looks at the efficacy of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) advertisement content. CSR is a company's commitment to increasing its beneficial impact on society, whether that be environmental, social or philanthropic, whilst minimizing its harms (Mohr et al., 2001). The literature suggests CSR activities are no longer considered an optional strategy for business but instead an "inescapable priority" (Porter & Kramer, 2006, p.78). This study replicates and extends the literature in three ways: First, we use three different measures of memory to assess the effectiveness of the advertisements, which has not been done in the CSR advertising literature. Second, we examined the effect of context, namely whether the programme surround would influence advertising effectiveness. Again, we could find no CSR study which examine the congruence effect. Third, and perhaps most importantly, we used actual advertisements rather that those using fictitious brands which have been used in the past and which present problems for the ecological validity of the study. Further, we attempted to ensure both sets of advertisements were similar in terms of their emotional vs rational appeal.CSR policies focusing on...
The Couples Enhancement Workshop (CEW) offers a unique time-limited, group-oriented approach to strength building and relationship enhancement. The need for enhancement practices is established, followed by a review of the theoretical influences of the CEW. This includes a review of the Relationship Conflict andRestoration Model, the concept of relational grace, and narrative therapeutic principles. The CEW is then outlined in detail followed by a review of application, and research considerations are discussed.
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