BackgroundIn the aftermath of the global financial crisis, millions of households have been left with debts that they are unable to manage. Indebtedness may impair the wellbeing of those affected by it for years to come. This systematic review focuses on the long-term consequences of indebtedness on health.MethodsThe method used in the paper is a systematic review. First, bibliographic databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles. Second, the references and citations of the included articles were searched for additional articles.ResultsThe results from our sample of 33 peer-reviewed studies demonstrate serious health effects related to indebtedness. Individuals with unmet loan payments had suicidal ideation and suffered from depression more often than those without such financial problems. Unpaid financial obligations were also related to poorer subjective health and health-related behaviour. Debt counselling and other programmes to mitigate debt-related stress are needed to alleviate the adverse effects of indebtedness on health.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that indebtedness has serious effects on health.

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With sublingual administration, the drug has to dissolve rapidly in a small volume of saliva. Based on the present absorption studies in rabbits, the solid dispersion preparation and cyclodextrin complexation were postulated to be useful ways to attain successful sublingual administration of perphenazine. Good sublingual absorption was also achieved by micronization of perphenazine. As far as we are aware, this paper is one of the first to evaluate the sublingual administration of a solid dispersion in vivo.

Operative care is one of the major areas of healthcare services as over 310 million surgeries are conducted yearly. Surgery cancellations is a widely used indicator when evaluating the quality of preoperative care. Cancellations cause financial lost for organizations, however there is only limited research about the costs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost of elective day of surgery (DOS) cancellations in 13 operative specialties at a university hospital in Finland between September 1, 2015 and May 31, 2016 after a structured preoperative protocol was implemented to practice and a cancellation rate of 4.7% was recognized. Procedure prices conducted the data for the research and were collected from the hospital’s invoicing system. Financial loss and savings of cancellations were calculated from the total cost of procedures. As a result the total cost of DOS cancellations during the nine-month time period was 953,374.27 euros and mean loss of a single cancelled operation was 2,459.91 euros. The total of material savings for the hospital were 106,917.33 euros. As a conclusion, DOS cancellations cause unnecessary wastage, and financial aspects should be followed and evaluated systematically by setting goals and providing continuing developments.