The tubule occlusion of two newly developed herbal toothpastes was examined. They were prepared based on the mixture of pomegranate peel and Equisetum arvense extracts with strontium acetate. The antimicrobial activity of pomegranate peel and E. arvense were determined using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Then, 30 mid-coronal dentin discs from the human third molars were etched for 30 s with the lemon juice (pH = 2.4). The specimens divided into the three groups. While the control group had 6 specimens, Groups 1 and 2 were including 12 specimens. Group 1 brushed with toothpaste containing 10% strontium acetate and 5% hydroalcoholic extracts of pomegranate peel, and Group 2 brushed with 5% strontium acetate, 5% hydroalcoholic extracts of E. arvense, and 5% hydroalcoholic extracts of pomegranate peel. Brushing was simulated for 6 months with 2 N loading. Then, 50% of discs in each group were immersed in lemon juice for 1 min. Moreover, specimens in control group were brushed with distilled water. Finally, all 30 discs were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS).The occluded dentin tubules were counted and statistically evaluated. It was found that the number of open dentin tubules decreases significantly after brushing with both tested toothpastes compared with control group (p < .001). Moreover, a significant difference was observed between two toothpastes before and after acid immersion process (p < .001). The SEM micrographs confirmed the dentin tubule occlusion of both herbal dentifrices. Besides, EDXS analysis approved the strontium and silica presence on the dentin tubules for the toothpaste which was based on E. arvense.
Background and Objectives: It is well known that Staphylococcus aureus biofilm plays an important role in adenoiditis and biofilm resistance frequently results in failure of therapy. The goal of this study was to evaluate the biofilm production of S. aureus isolates obtained from adenoid specimens and assess the relationship between biofilm formation ability and ica operon genes.
Materials and Methods: A total of 112 adenoid samples were obtained from patients under 15 years old with adenoid hypertrophy. All S. aureus isolates were initially identified by standard microbiological tests and amplification of nuc by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Biofilm formation of S. aureus isolates was evaluated and icaADBC genes were detected by PCR technique.
Results: There were 46 isolates (41%) identified as S. aureus. The ability to produce biofilm was detected among total S. aureus isolates. Molecular study of ica operon revealed that 2 (6.3%) and 19 (59.4%) isolates carried icaA and icaD, respec- tively. The prevalence of icaA + icaD was seen among 11 (34.4%) S. aureus isolates, while icaC and icaB were not detected.
Conclusion: Our findings indicated that icaABCD operon are associated with biofilm formation in S. aureus isolates, how- ever the absence of these genes may not necessarily exclude this property.
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