Problem statement: Jatropha curcas has the potential to become one of the worlds key energy crops. Crude vegetable oil, extracted from the seeds of the Jatropha plant, can be refined into high quality biodiesel. Traditional identification of Jatropha curcas fruits is performed by human experts. The Jatropha curcas fruit quality depends on type and size of defects as well as skin color and fruit size. Approach: This research develops a back propagation neural networks to identify the Jatropha curcas fruit maturity and grade the fruit into relevant quality category. The system is divided into two stages: The first stage is a training stage that is to extract the characteristics from the pattern. The second stages is to recognize the pattern by using the characteristics derived from the first task. Back propagation diagnosis model is used to recognition the Jatropha curcas fruits. It is ascertained for the developed system is used in recognizing the maturity of Jatropha curcas fruits. This study presents a pattern recognition system of Jatropha curcas using back propagation. Results: By using back propagation, it gave an accuracy of about 95% based on our samples which used the twenty-seven images. The results produced by neural network were found to be more accurate due to its capability to distinguished complex decision regions. Conclusion: The training data set for back propagation had 4 levels of grading i.e., raw, fruit-aged, ripe and over ripe with twenty-seven images of Jatropha curcas fruits. At the end of the training, the neural network achieved its performance function by testing with a selected set of different images. The performance of the back propagation was satisfactory when incorporated with the software tool, since there were number of errors arising in categorizing
Misconception about stoichiometry and its impact on the chemical equilibrium concept were studied on 245 second-grade students at SMA Negeri 2 Gowa, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Research instruments were Stoichiometry misconception test (SMT) and chemical equilibrium misconception three tier tests (CEMTT). Semi structured interview was conducted after the administration of the test for fifteen students. SMT consisted of ten items with high validity of 90.70% and reliability coefficient, calculated using Cronbach's alpha, of 0.73 (high). CEMTT consisted of thirdteen items with very high validity of 96.70% and reliability coefficient, calculated using Cronbach's alpha, of 0.95 (very high). The effect of stoichiometry misconceptions on chemical equilibrium was sufficient with limited predictions (r = 0.36). We identified three misconceptions stoichiometry that had impact on the misconceptions of chemical equilibrium concept namely: 1) The number of moles of substances that react is proportional to the number of atoms, relates to the increasing pressure will shift the equilibrium of the gas toward a substance that has more number of atoms; 2) The increasing of concentration will greather surface area, so as to giving rises to a greather number of effective collisions. This is related to the misconception that changes in the amount of solid phase at heterogeneous equilibrium which would shift the equilibrium system; 3) In exothermic reaction there is an increase in reaction enthalpy, relates to the misconception that the increase of temperature in exothermic gas equilibrium will shift towards the product. It was proven that there was a misconception relationship between the stoichiometry and chemical equilibrium, so it is recommended to implement a learning strategy that can prevent students' misconceptions on the concept of chemical equilibrium by eliminating students' misconceptions on the stoichiometry in chemistry learning.
Deck crane merupakan alat yang digunakan untuk proses menaikkan muatan ke atas kapal (loading) ataupun proses bongkar muatan dari kapal ke darat (discharging). Masalah yang sering ditemui adalah kerusakan motor listrik pada deck crane dan kerusakan pada wire deck crane. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui penyebab kerusakan pada pada motor listrik deck crane dan mengetahui penyebab kerusakan pada wire deck crane. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh hasil bahwa kerusakan pada motor listrik disebabkan oleh 3 hal yaitu: motor listrik mengalami kepanasan (overheating), cooling fan pada motor listrik kotor, getaran pada shaft motor listrik yang tidak stabil. Kerusakan pada wire crane kapal disebabkan oleh wire yang rusak, pengurangan diameter pada wire crane, korosi, perubahan bentuk wire rope dan kerusakan akibat panas yang menyebabkan usia pemakaian dari wire crane tersebut menjadi berkurang
Fatigue is a protection mechanism to avoid further damage, so that recovery occurs after a break. Fatigue (fatigue) is a subjective feeling. Work fatigue is a condition that is accompanied by a decrease in efficiency and the need to work. the effects of excessive activity result in fatigue. lack of knowledge results in excessive effects of fatigue. the way to overcome this problem is by utilizing an electrocardiograph (ECG) sensor. The use of electrocardiograph sensors (ECG) to determine the fatigue of smartphone users based on heart rate rhythm. The sensor used as a fatigue detection is the AD8232 type. The result of this process is safe or unsafe when using a smartphone. When BPM is worth 60 <BPM <120, the condition of smartphone users is safe, whereas when BPM <60 or BPM> 120, the condition of smartphone users is unsafe. Based on the results that have been tested on four samples there was a change in heart rate rhythm (BPM) during one hour and fifteen minutes of testing.
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